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  • Nigeria's population has increased from 45M at independence in 1960 to an estimated 206M as of 2020. Nigeria's GDP recorded its biggest year-on-year increase in 1981. Today, being her independence day, we present Nigeria's GDP and population growth rate since 1960.

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    Since 2004, Nigerian employees have saved a cumulative ₦8.4 trillion for their retirement. Employees in the public sector have saved ₦4.4 trillion, while those in the private sector have put ₦4 trillion aside.

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  • A Trend of Adult literacy rates of African countries

    Between 2018 and 2021, adult literacy rates across African nations exhibited significant disparities. Seychelles and South Africa led with literacy rates of 96% and 95%, respectively, indicating a high proportion of literate adults. Conversely, Chad had the lowest literacy rate during this period.

    These statistics underscore the uneven progress in educational attainment across Africa, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve literacy in lower-performing nations.

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    Africa's sanitation crisis is alarming, with 17 of the top 20 countries having the highest open defecation rates.

    Eritrea (67%), Niger (65%), and Chad (63%) lead, putting millions at risk of disease.

    Even Nigeria, the most populous African country, has 18% of its population practising it.

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  • Nigeria was the seventh most populous nation in the world in 2020, with 206.1 million people. Projected to reach a population of 401.3 million by 2050, Nigeria will rank third after India (1st) and China (2nd). According to Institut national d'études démographiques' projections, Nigeria, Ethiopia, DR Congo, Egypt, Tanzania, and Kenya will be among the world’s top 20 most populous countries by 2050.

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    The FAAC's revenue distribution from 2017 to August 2023 highlights the dominance of Delta, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and Bayelsa states in allocations. Despite Lagos' economic prominence, it ranked fifth. Here is the distribution of revenue among states between 2017 and August 2023.

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  • Nigeria repaid an average of $368m in external debt every year between 2008 and 2017. In 2018, the payments increased by 217% to $1.47b from $464m in 2017, then dropped by 9.4% in 2019, and has since been on the rise. Here are Nigeria's external debt repayments since 2008.
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  • Only 10% of Nigerians earn above ₦100,000, according to the Nigerian Financial Services Market Report. This aligns with most reports about Nigeria, and it's in sharp contrast to the narratives online.
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  • A Trend of Adult literacy rates of African countries

    Between 2018 and 2021, adult literacy rates across African nations exhibited significant disparities. Seychelles and South Africa led with literacy rates of 96% and 95%, respectively, indicating a high proportion of literate adults. Conversely, Chad had the lowest literacy rate during this period.

    These statistics underscore the uneven progress in educational attainment across Africa, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve literacy in lower-performing nations.

    See more
Other Insights
 
  • Shoprite leads in geographical presence, with stores in 13 Nigerian states, followed by Marketsquare with 11 states.
  • Everyday Supermarket is the only other chain with a presence in at least five states, while the majority of other brands are in just four or fewer states.
  • Most retail chains in Nigeria remain regionally concentrated, with only a few achieving significant national coverage.
  • The presence of only a few nationwide chains may present an opportunity for expansion by emerging retailers.
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  • Bokku! Mart dominates the retail landscape with 123 locations, nearly three times the count of the second-largest chain, Addide, which has 44 stores
  • Marketsquare, Justrite, and Shoprite round out the top five with 36, 31, and 23 stores, respectively, indicating a competitive yet fragmented retail sector
  • Most retail chains have fewer than 25 stores, with 13 out of the 18 listed having fewer than 15 stores
  • Traditional supermarket names like Shoprite and Game face competition from local brands
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  • 2G remains the dominant network, covering 94.14% of Nigeria’s population, ensuring basic connectivity across the country.
  • 3G has strong penetration at 89.42%, serving as a bridge between legacy and modern networks.
  • 4G coverage reaches 84.19%, reflecting growing adoption but still lagging behind older technologies.
  • 5G penetration is extremely low at just 11.80%, indicating that its rollout is still in its infancy and mostly limited to urban areas.
  • The high coverage of older networks suggests continued reliance on legacy infrastructure, particularly in rural and underserved areas.
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  • Glo is the only Nigerian mobile operator that prioritises tower ownership.
  • It owns 8,550 towers, far exceeding its competitors combined.
  • MTN, 9mobile, and Airtel own 286, 86, and 61 towers, respectively.
  • Most operators lease towers from third-party providers like IHS Towers and American Tower Corporation, while Glo prefers to control its infrastructure.
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  • IHS Towers is the largest tower infrastructure provider in Nigeria, with 18,925 towers in 2023.
  • IHS Towers controls 62.3% of the collocated telecom towers in the country.
  • ATC Nigeria follows, operating 8,270 towers, significantly behind IHS Towers.
  • Other players include Africa Mobile Networks (1,326 towers) and smaller firms (1,852 towers).
  • The Nigerian tower market is highly consolidated, with IHS and American Tower Corporation dominating the space.
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  • MTN dominates submarine fibre optic deployment among GSM operators in Nigeria, increasing its network from 1,500 km in 2018 to 17,984 km in 2022
  • Glo had the earliest and largest submarine fibre deployment, peaking at 19,200 km in 2012, but later scaled down to 9,800 km from 2014 onwards
  • Airtel has not invested in submarine fibre, with its network remaining below 25 km throughout the period
  • 9mobile has not deployed any submarine fibre cable since 2012
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  • Airtel has shown the most aggressive fibre optic expansion, increasing from 4,632 km in 2012 to 16,112 km in 2022
  • Glo initially led with 16,224 km in 2012, but its fibre optic deployment later declined and stabilised around 13,000 km from 2018 to 2022
  • Between 2019 and 2022, MTN's deployment remained unchanged at 14,612 km
  • 9mobile's fibre deployment peaked in 2018 at 4,650 km and remained unchanged till 2022
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  • Dangote Cement has grown its revenue consistently since 2014 and reached a historic ₦3.6 trillion in 2024
  • Revenues have more than tripled between 2020 (₦1.0 trillion) and 2024 (₦3.6 trillion)
  • The year-on-year growth rate shows fluctuations, with declines in some years and sharp rebounds in 2020, 2022, and 2024
  • The highest year-on-year growth occurred in 2024 (62.2%), signalling a particularly strong performance
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  • Nigeria’s active mobile GSM lines reached an all-time high of 224 million in 2023, up from 222 million in 2022.
  • The number of active lines has grown steadily from 40 million in 2007, with notable surges in 2012 (110 million), 2018 (172 million), and 2020 (204 million).
  • Growth slowed between 2016 and 2017, where active lines dipped slightly from 154 million to 145 million, before resuming an upward trajectory.
  • With over 220 million active lines, Nigeria remains one of Africa’s largest telecom markets, driven by increasing mobile adoption.
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Africa's debt-to-GDP ratio (2024 vs 2028)
 
  • Unlike other regions, Southern Africa’s debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to increase by 5.8 percentage points, reaching 77.4% by 2028.
  • Northern Africa is set to achieve the largest debt-to-GDP decline of 14.7 percentage points, from 84.2% to 69.5%, indicating significant fiscal adjustments.
  • Central Africa is expected to see a 12 percentage point drop, reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio from 45.8% to 33.8%.
  • West Africa’s debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to fall by 4.3 percentage points, while Eastern Africa is expected to drop by 5.2 percentage points, both showing signs of improved debt management.
  • Even with the projected declines, some regions like Northern Africa (69.5%) and Southern Africa (77.4%) will still have high debt burdens compared to others like Central Africa (33.8%).
  • The declining debt-to-GDP ratios in most regions suggest either economic expansion or strategic debt control, but Southern Africa’s increase indicates potential fiscal stress.
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  • Nigeria's largest cement manufacturers each recorded over 50% revenue growth in 2024
  • BUA Cement recorded the largest revenue growth in 2024 (90.5%), nearly doubling its revenue from ₦460 billion in 2023
  • Dangote Cement's revenue exceeded the combined revenue of BUA Cement and Lafarge Africa in both 2023 and 2024
  • Lafarge Africa earned ₦696.8 billion in revenue, the lowest revenue of the three cement majors
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Key takeaways:

  • Tecno (23.55%) and Infinix (21.73%) lead the Nigerian mobile market, making up a combined 45.28% of the market share.
  • Samsung (12.36%) is the leading non-Chinese brand, with Apple (9.43%) following closely behind.
  • Xiaomi (7.15%) and Huawei (4.34%) are emerging as significant players in Nigeria's mobile sector.
  • Premium brands such as Samsung (12.36%) and Apple (9.43%) have considerable but smaller market shares compared to their Chinese counterparts.
  • Chinese manufacturers collectively dominate over 60% of the mobile market in Nigeria.
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  • Seychelles holds Africa’s strongest passport, granting visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 156 destinations, and ranks 24th worldwide.
  • Mauritius follows closely, with a passport index score of 149 and a strong global rank of 27th.
  • South Africa leads mainland Africa, ranking 48th globally with access to 103 countries.
  • Southern African countries dominate Africa’s top 10, with Botswana, Namibia, and Lesotho all securing higher index scores than East and North African nations.
  • Africa’s passport strength varies widely, but island nations lead the way.
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  • Landlight tariffs (20A and 60A), offered primarily in rural areas, are Eskom’s highest tariff rates and are exclusive to direct (non-local authority) customers.
  • The Homelight 20A Block 1 tariff, which applies to consumption between 0–350 kWh, is the lowest among Eskom’s tariffs.
  • Landlight tariffs carry higher rates because they exclude other fixed charges such as: Ancillary service charge (c/kWh), Network demand charge (c/kWh), Network capacity charge (R/POD/day), and Service charge (R/POD/day). This structure makes Landlight more suitable for rural or low-income areas, where simplifying cost recovery is necessary.
  • Eskom classifies its tariffs into the following categories:
    • Residential Tariffs (for household electricity supply): Homelight 20A, Homelight 60A, Homepower, and Homeflex
    • Urban Tariffs (for large industrial and commercial users): Megaflex, Miniflex, Nightsave Urban (Large and Small), Business Rate, Public Lighting, Transflex (rail), and Gen-Wheeling/Offset tariffs
    • Rural Tariffs (for agricultural, business, and residential customers in rural areas): Ruraflex, Nightsave Rural, Landrate, and Landlight
    • Municipal Tariffs (for municipalities purchasing in bulk and for municipal services like water pumps or offices): Municrate, Municflex, and Public Lighting.
  • Customers with rooftop solar PV systems are required to be on the Homeflex tariff plan, which is based on Time-of-Use (ToU) pricing.
  • Several Eskom tariffs are Time-of-Use-based, where charges vary depending on peak, standard, and off-peak periods. These include: Nightsave Urban Large, Nightsave Urban Small, Megaflex, Miniflex, Homeflex, Nightsave Rural, Ruraflex, and Ruraflex Gen
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  • Electricity distribution in South Africa reached its peak in 2018, a record high of 231 TWh.

  • The lowest electricity distribution was recorded in 2023, dropping to 206 TWh.

  • Load shedding has become a persistent challenge, with 2023 experiencing the highest number of load shedding days — 332 days in total.

  • Eskom accounts for about 80% of electricity distributed in South Africa.
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  • Just 16 out of 54 African countries have launched a national AI strategy.
  • Over 30 countries remain at the early or inactive stage with no clear roadmap.
  • Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, is still drafting its AI policy.
  • Leaders include Kenya, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Rwanda, and Senegal.
  • Most low-income and post-conflict states like Chad, Somalia, and South Sudan are far behind.
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  • Access Bank paid the highest total salaries in 2024, amounting to ₦357.6 billion.
  • Stanbic IBTC devoted the largest share of its revenue to salaries at 9.96%, despite a much lower total salary bill than Access or FirstHoldCo.
  • Zenith Bank had one of the highest salary bills (₦137.7 billion) but spent the smallest portion of its revenue on staff at just 3.47%.
  • Wema Bank, though paying the lowest in total salaries (₦33.8 billion), had one of the highest salary-to-revenue ratios at 7.81%.
  • FirstHoldCo, with ₦229.1 billion in staff costs, maintained a moderate salary-to-revenue ratio of 7.14%.
  • The gap between total salary spend and salary-to-revenue ratios reveals more about each bank’s internal cost structure.
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  • Access Bank led all Nigerian banks with ₦4.9T in gross earnings in 2024, nearly doubling its 2023 performance.
  • FirstHoldCo saw a sharp rise in earnings to ₦3.2T in 2024
  • Zenith Bank grew consistently, crossing the ₦4T mark in 2024 from ₦1T in 2022, showing strong operational expansion.
  • Wema Bank, despite being the smallest, quadrupled its earnings over two years, from ₦0.1T to ₦0.4T.
  • Fidelity and FCMB nearly tripled their gross earnings between 2022 and 2024, showing rising momentum among mid-tier banks.
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