Key takeaways:

• In 2024, BUA Foods hit new heights, with gross profit for Q4 surpassing ₦189 billion.
• A remarkable surge occurred in 2024, with quarterly gross profits regularly exceeding ₦100 billion.
• The fourth quarter of 2024 marked a significant peak, illustrating a 200% increase from Q4 2023.
• BUA Foods' gross profit dramatically climbed from approximately ₦25 billion in 2021 to nearly ₦190 billion in Q4 2024.

• Eastern Africa is the most populous region, making up 33.09% of Africa’s total population, with over 507 million people.
• Together, Eastern and Western Africa house over 63% of Africa’s total population, indicating where much of the continent’s human capital and economic activity will be concentrated.
• Northern Africa has 274.1 million people (17.89%), while Central Africa has 216.3 million (14.11%), placing them in the mid-range of Africa’s population distribution.
• Southern Africa is by far the least populous region, contributing just 4.8% (73.6 million people) to Africa’s 1.5 billion total.
• The population contrast across regions highlights key differences in urbanisation, economic opportunities, and development needs.
• Understanding Africa’s population distribution is crucial for businesses, policymakers, and investors, as future economic growth, consumer markets, and labour forces will be heavily influenced by these demographic trends.

• Asia remains the world's population giant, housing nearly 59% of the global population.
• Africa’s population boom is accelerating, contributing 18.7% of the world’s people.
• Europe is shrinking in global demographic weight, making up only 9.09% of the world’s people.
• Oceania remains sparsely populated, with just 0.57% of the global population.
• Demographic trends will shape economic power, as nations with younger populations could become economic engines if properly harnessed.
• Urbanisation and resource allocation will become critical, especially in Asia and Africa, where rising populations will put pressure on housing, food, and infrastructure.

• Nearly half of the global population is aged between 20 and 54, making this group the primary driver of economic activities worldwide.
• Individuals under 19 years old make up 32.9% of the total global population, highlighting the need for sustained investments in education and child welfare.
• Over 19% of the population is aged 55 and above, emphasising the need for healthcare, retirement planning, and age-friendly policies.
• With 2.10 billion people, the 35-54 group represents the backbone of global leadership, corporate decision-making, and financial stability.

Key Takeaways:

• In 2007/08, personal income tax (PIT) contributed 29.46% of total tax revenue, while corporate income tax (CIT) added a substantial 24.46%.
• The share of personal income tax in tax revenue rose by 27% from 2007/08 to 2023/24.
• Corporate income tax contribution declined by 26% from 2007/08 to 2023/24.
• In 2019/20, personal income tax made the largest contribution to tax revenue (38.9%), a 32% rise from the 2007/08 contribution.
• Other taxes showed minor variations, averaging around 19% of total tax revenue.
• Personal income tax reached its peak contribution at 38.92% in 2019/20 before dropping by 4% in 2023/24.

Key Takeaways:

• Nestlé’s dividends increase year after year was highest in 2018 and 2019 at ₦17.83 billion and ₦12.68 billion, respectively.
• The declared dividends reached a peak of ₦55.49 billion in 2020, while the lowest was recorded at ₦15.06 billion in 2016.
• In recent years, Nestlé Nigeria Plc has shown a declining trend in declared dividends.
• Dividends decreased by nearly 14%, 17%, and 28% in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, compared to the previous years.

Key takeaways:

• Nestlé Nigeria's income tax contributions rose from ₦5.6 billion in 2015 to ₦57 billion in 2024.
• In 2024, the company saw an extraordinary 132% rise in taxes compared to the previous year.
• Despite facing economic hurdles during the COVID-19 pandemic, Nestlé ensured that its tax contributions remained above ₦21 billion annually from 2020 to 2022.
• The significant spike in 2024 was mainly due to a considerable loss before tax, driven by heightened finance costs stemming from the devaluation of the Naira.
• Nestlé Nigeria's 144% income tax growth in 2016 is the highest in the past ten years.

• Africa now spends 27.5% of revenue on interest payments, nearly 4 times higher than in 2008.
• The debt burden is rising faster than economic growth as interest payments as a percentage of GDP grew from 5.4% in 2008 to 8.2% in 2024, showing increasing financial strain.
• Effective interest rates have more than tripled from 1.4% in 2008 to 5.0% in 2024, making debt less affordable.
• Between 2008 and 2019, the ratio of interest to revenue rose by 12.2 percentage points, and in five years (2019–2024), it surged by another 8.5 percentage points.
• As borrowing costs rise, the risk of defaults and fiscal crises in African economies grows, making financial stability a concern.
• More money spent on debt means less for roads, hospitals, and schools, slowing down long-term economic progress.

• With a projected GDP of $80 million, Tuvalu ranks as the smallest economy globally, producing less in a year than many corporations earn in a day.
• Even when put together, these small economies still fall far behind the economic output of many mid-sized countries or cities.
• Nigeria’s $199.72 billion GDP overshadows the economies of these nations.
• Many of the world’s smallest economies are Pacific and Caribbean island nations, which often depend on tourism, remittances, and international aid.
• With limited industries and small populations, these economies are highly vulnerable to external shocks like climate change, supply chain disruptions, or shifts in global tourism trends.

• Gaining independence in 1847, Liberia has been free for 177 years, long before most African nations began their fight for sovereignty.
• With only 13 years of independence, South Sudan remains the newest nation on the continent, still navigating the challenges of nation-building.
• The difference between Liberia and South Sudan is 164 years, showing the vast timeline over which African nations gained independence.
• The majority of African nations secured sovereignty between the 1950s and 1970s, marking the height of the decolonisation movement.
• Countries like Zimbabwe (1980), Namibia (1990), and Eritrea (1993) faced prolonged struggles against colonial rule.
• Despite Liberia’s long years of independence, it has faced civil wars and economic instability, showing that the length of sovereignty doesn’t always translate to political or economic strength.
• While sovereignty marks a historic milestone, many African nations, especially younger ones like South Sudan, continue to grapple with political, economic, and developmental challenges even decades after gaining independence.

Key takeaways:

• BUA Foods saw a significant profit increase between Q1 2021 and Q4 2024, with notable highs in 2024.
• In Q3 2023, there was a drastic drop in profits, which was subsequently followed by a robust recovery.
• The highest profit before tax was recorded in Q3 2024 at ₦78.47 billion.
• Quarterly profits varied, ranging from as low as ₦2.02 billion to as high as ₦78.47 billion.
• A significant turning point occurred in 2024, with quarterly profits consistently surpassing ₦60 billion.

Key takeaways:

• The most significant growth was observed in 2024, with operating profit reaching a record high of ₦174.97 billion in Q4.
• Despite experiencing some fluctuations each quarter, the company displayed resilience and a strong capacity for scaling.
• BUA Foods showed consistent improvement in operating profits year over year.
• Quarterly operating profits ranged from around ₦20 billion in 2021 to nearly ₦175 billion in Q4 2024.
• A major breakthrough occurred in 2024, with quarterly operating profits consistently exceeding ₦99 billion.