Key Takeaways:

• South Africa has been the leading wine producer in Africa from 1975 to 2022.
• Algeria was the top producer from 1961 to 1974 but saw a significant decline in output in later years.
• South Africa, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia have been the dominant wine-producing countries in Africa between 1961 and 2022.
• On average, eight African countries have engaged in wine production annually during this period.
• Sub-Saharan nations such as Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Tanzania have contributed small but steady wine to Africa’s production in recent decades.
• Egypt has consistently ranked among Africa’s top wine producers, with its highest production recorded in 2008.

Key takeaways:

• As of January to June 2025, Nigeria had nine operational refineries.
• Dangote Petroleum Refinery is the largest, with a capacity of 650,000 barrels per day (bpd).
• The total combined capacity of all functional refineries is almost 975,000 bpd.
• Government-owned refineries, Warri, Kaduna, and Port Harcourt (old), collectively have a capacity of 295,000 bpd.
• Out of 27 licensed refineries by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), only nine were operational during this period.
• Other operational refineries such as Aradel, OPAC, Edo, Waltersmith, and Duport Midstream collectively have a capacity of 29,500 bpd.

Key Takeaways:

• The former Sudan was the leading sesame seed oil producer in Africa for 48 years, from 1961 to 2011.
• Nigeria topped Africa’s production rankings between 2012–2014 and 2016–2018.
• The Central African Republic led sesame oil production in Africa for five years in a recent period.
• East African countries, particularly Tanzania and Uganda, have seen significant growth in sesame oil production since the 1990s.
• Six countries—Former Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Central African Republic—have consistently played leading roles in Africa’s sesame seed oil production from 1961 to 1981 before the inclusion of some other African countries.
• Following their separation, both Sudan and South Sudan have remained among the top sesame oil producers in Africa.
• The top producers of sesame seed oil in Africa are mainly from Sub-Sahara African countries.
• In SSA, sesame is often grown by small-scale farmers for export purposes.

• Eritrea has the highest net migration loss in Africa at -8.7 per 1,000 people.
• Nigeria's net migration rate of -0.2 is significantly lower than any country in the top 10 list.
• Sao Tome and Principe and Eswatini follow Eritrea with rates of -6.5 and -6.0, respectively.
• Lesotho also experiences substantial out-migration, with a net rate of -4.5 per 1,000.
• Three countries—Rwanda, Uganda, and CAR—have the same net migration rate of -3.1.

• South Sudan ranks 2nd globally and 1st in Africa in net migration, with 19.1 migrants per 1,000 population.
• Equatorial Guinea is the only other African country in the global top 10, with a rate of 12.1 per 1,000.
• Djibouti (4.2), Gabon (3.5), and Botswana (2.7) round out the top 5 within Africa but trail far behind the top two.
• Nigeria shows negative migration (-0.2), indicating more people are leaving than coming in.

• Global public agriculture funding between 1991 and 2023 totaled $878 trillion.
• The U.S. alone received $199 trillion, averaging $6.2 trillion per year — the highest of any country.
• Japan and China followed with $166 trillion and $122 trillion respectively.
• Just 10 countries accounted for over 75% of the total.
• Nigeria ranked 41st out of 145 countries, with only $1 trillion in 32 years — about $32 billion per year.
• For a country with over 200 million people, that low level of investment tracks closely with rising food prices, low yields, and import dependence.

• 90.7% of approvals came from 10 countries — all in Asia and Africa; the rest of the world got just 9.3%
• India: 222,521 approvals (highest)
• Nigeria: 149,299 approvals (2nd overall, 1st in Africa)
• Zimbabwe: 92,960 approvals (3rd overall, despite smaller population)
• India, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe alone account for over 460,000 approvals — more than 62% of the total
• Five of the top 10 countries are African
• Total approvals (2020–2024): 741,933

• Netherlands imported the most cocoa beans — 25.48 million tonnes (1961–2023)
• US (21.1M) and Germany (16.8M) followed in total volume
• These three countries dominated the top 5 nearly every year
• Malaysia, UK, France, and Belgium also ranked high over time
• USSR stayed in the top 10 despite dissolving in 1991
• Global cocoa imports grew from 1M tonnes in 1961 to nearly 4M in 2023

• Europe had the only significantly positive net migration rate in 2024 at 2.2 migrants per 1,000 people.
• East and Southeast Asia recorded a modest net gain of 0.2 migrants per 1,000 population.
• South America and Central America & the Caribbean saw slight net migration gains of 0.2 and 0.1, respectively.
• Africa had a net migration rate of -0.4, showing more people are leaving the continent than coming in.
• North America, despite being a key destination historically, recorded a net loss of -0.5 migrants per 1,000 people.
• Australia and Oceania experienced the steepest net loss at -6.9 per 1,000 population.

• Ukraine topped the global net migration rate at 36.5 per 1,000 population in 2024, highlighting its unexpected role in global migration.
• South Sudan ranked second with 19.1 net migrants per 1,000.
• Equatorial Guinea made the top 10 with a rate of 12.1.
• Smaller island territories dominated the rankings, showing how migration impacts are magnified in smaller populations.
• The British Virgin Islands and Venezuela both attracted high net migration rates (12.9 and 13.2, respectively).
• Monaco and Luxembourg continue to draw migrants, reflecting their strong economies and strategic locations.

• Five  European countries make the top 10 list in online gambling participation.
• Norway tops the list with 30.2% of internet users aged 16+ involved in online gambling.
• South Africa follows closely behind at 30.0%, making it the highest in Africa among the countries studied.
• Nigeria's 19.0% participation rate exceeds that of the U.K., marking a significant shift in global online gambling behaviour.
• Brazil slightly edges out Nigeria at 19.5%, showing the trend’s strong hold in Latin America.
• New Zealand and Greece also post high figures at 26.2% and 22.5% respectively, reflecting strong uptake in smaller but digitally active nations.
• Australia ranks surprisingly low at 17.2%, despite its known betting culture.

Key takeaways:

• Nigeria’s sesame oil production grew from 6,800 tonnes in 1985 to 30,548 tonnes in 2022, marking a 349% increase over the period.
• The highest production level was recorded in 2012, reaching 176,342 tonnes, more than 25 times the 1985 output.
• Between 1985 and 1995, production steadily increased from 6,800 to 12,000 tonnes.
• From 1996 to 2003, production plateaued at 8,000 tonnes before declining sharply to 2,400 tonnes in 2009.
• A significant recovery began in 2010, with production rising to 6,124 tonnes, followed by a near tenfold surge to 22,148 tonnes in 2011.
• After the 2012 peak, production fluctuated significantly but remained substantially higher than pre-2010 levels.