Ghana’s debt interest fell to $780 million in 2023 after peaking at a record $1.49 billion in 2022

Key Takeaways

  • Ghana’s debt interest payments remained below $200 million for nearly three decades, reflecting relatively low external borrowing.
  • From 2000 to 2010, payments rose moderately, reaching $300 million by 2010 as Ghana’s borrowing needs expanded.
  • Interest payments accelerated sharply, surpassing $1 billion in 2017 and peaking at $1.49 billion in 2022.
  • After years of growth, payments plunged to $780 million in 2023, suggesting debt restructuring, payment relief, or reduced new borrowing.

Ghana’s external debt interest payments tell a striking story of economic transition. For decades, from the 1970s through the early 2000s, the burden was modest, rarely exceeding $200 million. However, as the country pursued ambitious development goals and tapped into global capital markets, the cost of servicing debt grew rapidly. By 2016, payments approached $1 billion, and just six years later, they peaked at $1.49 billion in 2022, underscoring the intensity of Ghana’s debt exposure. In 2023, the figure dropped dramatically to $780 million, nearly half the previous year’s level, signalling a potential turning point linked to economic adjustments, fiscal reforms, or international debt relief efforts.

Source:

World Bank IDS

Period:

1970 - 2023
HTML code to embed chart
Want a bespoke report?
Reach out
Tags
Related Insights

Under Sanwo-Olu, Lagos cut its external debt and more than doubled its domestic debt
  • Lagos cut external debt, but increased domestic debt.
  • The drop in external debt was meaningful, but the rise in domestic debt was much larger.
  • Stronger IGR gave Lagos more room to borrow and repay.
  • The state chose local funding over heavier dollar exposure.

Lagos's external debt has reduced by nearly three times more than the other six states combined
  • Lagos's debt reduction is larger than the other six combined.
  • Oyo posted the fastest reduction rate.
  • The biggest percentage cut did not equal the biggest dollar cut.
  • Debt reduction was concentrated, not broad-based.
  • Higher state revenues likely created room for repayments.
  • Lagos had the strongest fiscal capacity among the states shown.
  • Smaller debt stocks made percentage declines easier for some states.

Northern states have accounted for 12 of the 15 fastest-growing external debts in Nigeria since June 2023
  • All but four states increased their external debt between June 2023 and December 2025.
  • Northern states account for roughly 70% of the $1.34 billion added by states nationally.
  • Katsina recorded the highest growth in both absolute terms ($150 million) and rate (+296%).
  • 12 of the 15 fastest-growing state debts are in the north.
  • Lagos, Nigeria's largest debtor at $1.17 billion outstanding, was one of only four states that reduced its debt.
  • Kaduna carries the second-heaviest debt load at $684 million, despite a relatively modest 20% growth rate.

Alex Otti’s administration reduced Abia's domestic debt by 66%, with external debt rising by 14%
  • Abia’s domestic debt dropped by 66% between 2023 and 2025.
  • The state reduced domestic debt by about ₦94 billion.
  • Debt fell from roughly ₦138 billion to about ₦48.5 billion within two and a half years.
  • About ₦72 billion of inherited debt was cleared early in the administration.
  • External debt increased by 14% (+$12.9 million) over the same period.

Under Umo Eno, Akwa Ibom’s domestic debt fell 41.5%, from ₦138.6bn to ₦48.5bn
  • Akwa Ibom’s domestic debt fell 41.5% over the period, from ₦138.6 billion to ₦48.5 billion.
  • External debt was almost stable, slipping just 0.9%.
  • The sharpest debt adjustment happened in local-currency obligations, not foreign debt.
  • The highest domestic debt level during the period was in December 2023.

Only six states and the FCT are borrowing more domestically, with the FCT leading by a 123% domestic debt growth
  • Only six states and the FCT increased domestic debt.
  • The FCT recorded the fastest domestic debt growth at 122.8%.
  • Enugu posted the second-highest increase at 70%.
  • Lagos remains the biggest borrower by value at ₦1.2 trillion.
  • Niger, Bauchi, and Kaduna saw smaller, yet notable increases.
  • Debt growth is concentrated, not broad-based across all states.

POPULAR TOPICS
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Get periodic updates about the African startup space, access to our reports, among others.
Subscribe Here
Subscription Form

A product of Techpoint Africa. All rights reserved