South Africa - Intelpoint

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South Africa's personal income tax has increased in share from ~30% to nearly 40% over the years

Key Takeaways:

In 2007/08, personal income tax (PIT) contributed 29.46% of total tax revenue, while corporate income tax (CIT) added a substantial 24.46%.
The share of personal income tax in tax revenue rose by 27% from 2007/08 to 2023/24.
Corporate income tax contribution declined by 26% from 2007/08 to 2023/24.
In 2019/20, personal income tax made the largest contribution to tax revenue (38.9%), a 32% rise from the 2007/08 contribution.
Other taxes showed minor variations, averaging around 19% of total tax revenue.
Personal income tax reached its peak contribution at 38.92% in 2019/20 before dropping by 4% in 2023/24.

Over the last twenty years, the ratio of tax to GDP in South Africa has varied, reaching a high of 24.9%—a 19% increase since 2004/05

Key takeaways:

The tax-to-GDP ratio reached its peak in 2022/23 at 24.9%, signifying enhanced efficiency in tax collection.
Throughout the past two decades, the percentage of tax revenue relative to GDP has exhibited significant stability.
The tax revenue as a proportion of GDP has fluctuated between 21% and 25% over the last twenty years.
Notable declines occurred during global economic downturns, such as the financial crisis of 2008-2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The recent years (2021-2024) reflect a robust recovery, with tax revenue percentages approaching peak levels.

Libya recorded the highest revenue-to-GDP ratio among African countries in 2022 with 85.78%

Key takeaways:

Libya's total revenue (85.78% of GDP) significantly surpassed all other African states.
Lesotho is noteworthy with the second-highest total revenue ratio at 48.12%.
Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tomé & Príncipe in Western Africa recorded total revenue of 30.79% and 25.38% respectively.
South Africa generated 27.74% of its GDP in revenue.
The top ten countries reported total revenue exceeding 28%.

Top ten African countries' contribution to CO2 emission from fossil fuel (2023)

Key takeaways:

Economic development in Africa often relies heavily on carbon-intensive energy sources.

Emissions by South Africa were more than twice Algeria's.
The top four countries have been the highest contributors to carbon emissions in the past four years.
Sixty-nine percent of carbon emissions in Africa in 2023 were from the top four African countries.

Rwanda tops SSA for 3rd consecutive year in Rule of Law Index 2024; Nigeria Ranks 23rd of 34 countries

Rwanda is performing relatively well in terms of governance and rule of law, leading sub-Saharan Africa for the third consecutive year with a score of 0.63 in the 2024 Rule of Law Index. Namibia (0.61) and Mauritius (0.60) closely follow, showcasing relatively stronger legal frameworks. At the lower end, Nigeria, Congo, and Gabon score 0.40, highlighting persistent governance challenges. Globally, Denmark tops the list of 142 countries, with a score of 0.90, while Venezuela ranks last at 0.26, emphasising the gap between SSA's highest performers and global leaders. This mix of progress and struggles illustrates the varied state of governance across the region.

Morocco led Africa in phone exports, valued at $192 million in 2023

In 2023, Morocco led Africa’s phone export market with $192.2 million, making up 0.07% of the global total, followed by South Africa at $85.9 million, with a global share of 0.03%. Though Tunisia, Mauritius, and Kenya contributed smaller shares, Tunisia’s remarkable 5,456% growth stands out, positioning it for greater involvement in the global market. However, Mauritius and Kenya faced declines of -38% and -52%.

South Africa and three others dominated Africa's apple production in 2022, accounting for a combined 96%

Many African countries can't grow apples naturally due to unfavourable climate and the required chilling hours. Despite this, Africa's share of global apple output has grown from 0.66% (1962) to nearly 4% in 2022, averaging 2.3% over 60+ years. South Africa has been the biggest contributor, but Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria also play key roles, with the top four countries making up 96% of Africa's total production in 2022. Since 1961, South Africa has led Africa in apple production, consistently topping the charts.

Nigeria has maintained the top spot for US international students from Africa since the 2007/08 academic year

Since the 2007/08 academic year, Nigeria has consistently held the top spot for the number of African international students in the US. Before this, Kenya and Egypt also led in certain periods. This trend highlights the evolving landscape of African students pursuing education in the US over the decades.

Ghana sees a 45% increase in the number of its students in the US — Africa's highest growth rate

Nigeria remains the leading African country of origin for students in the US, with over 20,000 enrolled this year. Ghana, however, recorded the continent's fastest growth rate at 45%. This increase of over 2,900 students brought Ghana’s total to nearly 9,400, making it the second-largest source of African students in the US. Nigeria also saw a 13.5% rise, adding more than 2,380 students year-over-year. Overall, the number of students from African countries in the US grew by nearly 12% in the 2023/24 academic year.

Ethiopia leads Africa in cattle population, dominating 53 of the past 62 years

From the early 1960s through the 1990s, Ethiopia's cattle population growth placed it at the forefront of African livestock rearers, holding the top position with millions of cattle. This leadership continued into the 2000s, reflecting Ethiopia's robust cattle industry on the continent. Sudan managed to take the top position a few times, mostly around the 2000s. However, Ethiopia quickly reclaimed the top spot. Nigeria's cattle population grew from about 6.03 million in 1961 to 20.9 million in 2022, claiming 6th position in Africa as of 2022. Africa accounted for one-fourth of the global cattle population as of 2022.

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