FDI - Intelpoint

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Zambia recorded its highest-ever FDI inflow in 2013 at $2.10 billion.
After dipping to a negative inflow of -$0.07 billion in 2022, Zambia recovered to $1.24 billion in 2024.
The country experienced its first billion-dollar inflow in 2007, marking a turning point in foreign investment.
FDI inflow was consistently below $0.5 billion throughout the 1990s, indicating limited investor confidence during that period.

Côte d'Ivoire attracted $3.80 billion in FDI in 2024, its highest annual inflow ever recorded, more than double 2022’s $1.6 billion.
Between 1990 and 2016, its FDI remained mostly below $1 billion annually, only beginning to surge from 2017 onwards.
The country crossed the $1 billion mark for the first time in 2021, signalling increased investor confidence and macroeconomic improvements.
Over the last three years (2022–2024) alone, Côte d'Ivoire drew in $7.89 billion in FDI, accounting for over 40% of total inflow since 1990.

Ethiopia recorded a total of $46.43 billion in foreign direct investment between 1990 and 2024.
Its annual FDI inflows surged from just $10 million in 1990 to $3.98 billion in 2024, reflecting massive investor interest over time.
The country experienced three major FDI booms in 1997–2004, 2011–2014, and 2015–2016, driven by policy reforms and industrial expansion.
After a pandemic-era dip in 2020, Ethiopia rebounded strongly in 2021 with $4.26 billion in inflows, maintaining high investment momentum through 2024

The 1990s saw multiple years of flat or negative FDI, including -$0.02B in 1995 and -$0.04B in 1997.
FDI surged to $1.81B in 2007 and $2.94B in 2010, marking a turning point.
The all-time high was $3.31B in 2012, with 2024 following closely at $3.11B.
From 2015 to 2024, annual FDI remained steadily above $1B, signalling sustained investor confidence.

Peak FDI was in 2009 with $2.75 billion, the highest recorded in the 1990–2024 period.
The year 2015 saw a rare negative inflow of -$580 million, marking Algeria’s only net FDI loss in the last three decades.
FDI inflows rose significantly between 2005 and 2011, consistently staying above $1 billion each year.
After the 2015 drop, inflows recovered modestly, hovering between $1.1B and $1.6B from 2016 to 2020.
FDI weakened again post-2020, falling to just $250 million in 2022, before rebounding to $1.44 billion by 2024.

Egypt attracted $46.6B in FDI in 2024, the highest in 35 years and nearly quadruple 2023’s $9.8B inflow.
Average FDI between 1990–2023 was just $4.9B, meaning 2024’s figure is over 9× the long-term average.
Prior to 2024, FDI peaked at $11.6B in 2007, with only three other years, 2008, 2022, and 2023 crossing the $9B mark.
In 2011, Egypt recorded –$0.48B in FDI, meaning more foreign investment left the country than came in, largely due to the Arab Spring unrest.
The 2005–2010 period was previously Egypt’s strongest run, averaging over $8B annually before political instability triggered sharp declines.

Kenya recorded $27.5B total FDI between 1990 and 2024, with most inflows occurring after 2007.
From 1990 to 2006, Kenya averaged just $0.04B annually, a sign of limited foreign investor confidence in early years.
A major turnaround began in 2007, with FDI jumping from $0.05B to $0.90B, and peaking at $2.23B in 2011.
Between 2007 and 2024, Kenya received over 92% of its total FDI, a sharp shift in its investment profile.
FDI has stayed above $1B annually since 2009, signalling consistent investor interest in Kenya’s growing economy.

Rwanda attracted a total of $6.28 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) over 35 years, from 1990 to 2024.
The highest annual inflow recorded was $820 million in 2024, making it the country’s strongest FDI year yet.
Between 2020 and 2024, Rwanda pulled in $2.70 billion, accounting for over 40 percent of its total investment since 1990.
From 1990 to 2004, annual FDI barely exceeded $100 million, with several years recording zero inflows.
Even during its best-performing years, Rwanda’s FDI never hit the $1 billion threshold.

FDI inflows surged from just $0.01 billion in 1990 to a record $3.88 billion in 2019, marking a 388x increase over 30 years.
Between 2006 and 2019, Ghana consistently attracted over $1 billion annually, with nine of those years surpassing $3 billion.
The highest FDI year on record was 2019, likely reflecting peak investor confidence before the pandemic.
Since 2021, FDI has remained below $2 billion, with 2023 recording $1.31 billion and 2024 only slightly higher at $1.67 billion.
Ghana’s FDI trend reflects a pattern of post-2000 acceleration, plateauing around 2012–2015, then declining sharply post-2020.

FDI inflows peaked in 2011 at $8.91 billion, the highest in the 35-year period.
Between 2005 and 2012, Nigeria saw a sustained boom in FDI, with seven consecutive years above $4 billion.
In 2018, Nigeria recorded its lowest FDI inflow in decades at just $0.78 billion.
By 2024, FDI stood at $1.08 billion, down 88% from its 2011 peak, reflecting declining investor interest or changing investment climates.

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