Economy - Page 4 - Intelpoint

Majority trust will be moderate to high: 92.6% of Nigerians are expected to have either high (43.9%) or moderate (48.7%) trust in financial institutions by 2025.
Transparency is the biggest driver of trust as 46.2% of respondents believe transparent policies and fees will most improve their trust.
Security is a rising priority; 30.2% of Nigerians highlight improved security features as a key factor in strengthening confidence in financial institutions.
Customer service and regulation still matter as 17% emphasise better customer service and 6.6% stronger regulatory oversight, showing that while oversight has a role, people prioritise fairness, safety, and service.

Nigeria spent $57.67B on external debt interest from 1970 to 2023.
Payments were low initially but rose steadily as borrowing increased.
In the 1990s, interest payments fluctuated due to debt rescheduling and restructuring agreements.
In 2005, payments jumped to $5.31B following a strategic debt buyback that accelerated obligations.
Annual payments climbed 1,139.6%, from $0.31B to $3.79B, showing rising debt service costs.

Nigeria maintained a positive trade balance, with exports accounting for 57.7% against imports at 42.3%.
Oil and gas remain the backbone of Nigeria’s export dominance, shaping the overall surplus.
The import share reflects the country’s reliance on foreign goods, particularly refined petroleum, machinery, and food products.
Sustaining export strength while reducing import dependency remains key to Nigeria’s long-term economic resilience.

Angola and Ethiopia account for the highest debt service-to-GDP ratios in Africa, both exceeding 67%.
East Africa dominates the high debt-servicing bracket, with five countries among the top ten most burdened.
Algeria has the lowest debt service-to-GDP ratio on the continent at just 0.10%.
There’s a wide gap between the top and bottom debt service burdens, reflecting divergent fiscal paths across Africa.
Low debt servicing doesn’t automatically mean economic strength—it may reflect limited borrowing capacity.

Algeria’s debt service per GDP dropped from 0.77% in 2009 to a projected 0.09% in 2025.
The country’s debt service per GDP declined at a -11.9% CAGR from 2009–2025.
A high of 0.73% occurred in 2012 before the consistent decline resumed.
By 2015, the country's debt service fell to 0.27%, showing progress in reduction.
The lowest point is forecast for 2025, at 0.09% of GDP.
Algeria’s debt burden is among the lowest in Africa, contrasting with the rising trend in many other nations.
This low debt service level allows for greater fiscal flexibility in public spending and investment.

Nigeria's debt service per GDP rose from 0.9% in 2009 to a projected 15.1% in 2025.
Overall CAGR from 2009 to 2025 is 17.8%.
President Muhammadu Buhari’s tenure saw the fastest growth (29.1% CAGR).
Under President Goodluck Jonathan, growth was slower (6.5% CAGR).
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s term so far shows a 27.6% CAGR.

Debt service in Angola hit 68.3% of GDP in 2024.
Even with a projected fall to 67.7% in 2025, the debt burden remains high.
Between 2009 and 2025, the debt service ratio grew at a CAGR of 11.2%.
The ratio stayed below 15% from 2009 to 2014 before surging to 41.9% in 2016.
Angola has faced multiple spikes above 50% since 2019, showing recurring debt strain.
The sharp drop to 31.2% in 2022 was short-lived, followed by a steep increase.

Sudan’s debt-to-GDP ratio of 238.8% is the highest in Africa and over twice the size of its economy.
Three African countries—Sudan, Cabo Verde, and Zambia—have debt burdens exceeding 100% of their GDP.
Egypt, Mozambique, and the Congo Republic follow closely with ratios above 88% each, despite efforts at economic reform.
Ghana and Sierra Leone are also in the top 10, showing that West Africa isn’t exempt from debt pressure.
Nigeria, while not in the top 10, has a debt-to-GDP ratio of 41.3% and ranks 43rd in Africa.
A high debt-to-GDP ratio often limits a country’s ability to invest in growth-driving sectors, even if the economy is growing nominally.

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