Animal source foods account for the largest share of the CoHD in Nigeria, at 35.3% (₦528) of the ₦1,495 national average

  • Animal source foods make up the largest share of Nigeria’s CoHD at ₦528 (35.3%) of ₦1,495.
  • Starchy staples follow at ₦344 (23%), showing the centrality of carbs in Nigerian diets.
  • Vegetables (₦233) and fruits (₦163) collectively account for over a quarter of the cost.
  • Legumes, nuts, and seeds (₦101) are the least costly food group, despite their nutritional value.
  • The national average CoHD stands at ₦1,495 per person per day as of December 2024.
  • Protein-rich foods are becoming increasingly unaffordable, contributing to dietary imbalance.

Animal source foods now dominate the cost of a healthy diet in Nigeria, accounting for 35.3% (₦528) of the national average daily cost of ₦ 1,495 as of December 2024. This means that over one-third of the daily cost of a balanced meal in Nigeria goes toward foods like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy — the most expensive but vital sources of protein and nutrients. The data paints a clear picture of how protein-rich foods are becoming increasingly unaffordable for many households.

Source:

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)

Period:

December 2024
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Osun (₦1,867), the state with the highest CoHD is ₦640 more expensive than the lowest CoHD state, Kaduna (₦1,227)
  • The share of minimum wage needed to afford a healthy diet fell from 124.1% in June to 54.2% in July 2024, when the minimum wage was increased from ₦30,000 to ₦70,000.
  • Before July, the cost of a healthy diet for a month exceeded 100% of [the] minimum wage, making it unaffordable for minimum-wage earners.
  • The sharpest burden was recorded in June 2024, when households needed their full salary plus 24% extra to eat healthily.
  • Between July and December, affordability worsened slightly from 54.2% to 64.1%, indicating that food prices continued to rise despite the wage boost.
  • The implementation of the ₦70,000 minimum wage in 2024 provided significant relief to Nigerian households struggling with the high cost of eating healthily.
The national average Cost of Healthy Diet (CoHD) in Nigeria increased by over 74% in 2024, surging from ₦858 in January to ₦1,495 in December
  • The Cost of Healthy Diet (CoHD) in Nigeria increased by over 74% in 2024.
  • The average cost rose from ₦858 in January to ₦1,495 in December.
  • June 2024 recorded the sharpest monthly jump at 19.2%, the highest of the year.
  • From August to December, CoHD rose steadily — showing no reversal in trend.
  • The persistent rise reflects food inflation, weak supply chains, and increasing import costs.
  • For many Nigerians, maintaining a healthy diet is becoming increasingly unaffordable, threatening nutrition and welfare outcomes.
Nigeria's South West zone recorded the highest Cost of Healthy Diet (CoHD) at ₦1,764, exceeding the national average by ₦269
  • South West has the highest Cost of Healthy Diet (₦1,764), surpassing the national average by ₦269.
  • South South follows at ₦1,714.
  • South East (₦1,436) and North East (₦1,430) sit close to the national midpoint.
  • North Central and North West record the lowest CoHD at ₦1,372 and ₦1,296, respectively.
  • The national average cost of a healthy diet stands at ₦1,495 per person per day as of December 2024.
  • The regional disparities in food cost highlight the uneven impact of economic realities across Nigeria’s zones.
Nigeria recorded the lowest score on food affordability in the 2022 global food security index, with 25 points
  • Among the 113 countries measured in the 2022 Global Food Security Index, Nigeria is ranked 107th overall, putting it deep in the bottom ten globally.
  • Nigeria has the lowest affordability score globally in the GFSI 2022, scoring only 25.0 in that pillar.
  • The country performs marginally better in other pillars: its score in “Quality and Safety” is relatively higher (55.6), and “Sustainability and Adaptation” is 53.7. But other pillars like “Availability” (39.5) remain weak.
  • Globally, a group of countries, including Nigeria, DR Congo, Sudan, Venezuela, Burundi, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Yemen, Haiti, and Syria, all cluster at low overall GFSI scores (below ~45), reflecting severe challenges.
Nigeria had the highest number of malnourished people in Africa in 2023, with 45.4 million
  • In Africa, 275 million people were recorded to be malnourished in 2023.
  • Nigeria led the list of countries in Africa with the highest number of malnourished people (45.40 million), making 16.5% of the total.
  • Nigeria was followed by the Democratic Republic of Congo with 40.7 million, 14.8% of the total.
  • Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Kenya made up almost 50% of the total number of malnourished people in Africa.
793 Million people in India could not afford a healthy diet in 2022, representing 28% of the global total
  • India tops the list of the global number of people unable to afford a decent meal with a value of 792.80 million causing unaffordability to prevail in the country by 55.6%.
  • China emerged as the second country in this global list with 208.10 million people falling in this category and unaffordability prevalence of 14.6%.
  • Nigeria claimed 6.2% of the global total with 175.6M, making it the 3rd country with the highest number of healthy diet unaffordability.
  • High number of people that could not afford a healthy diet does not outrightly equal high percentage of healthy diet unaffordability.
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