Egypt’s $47 billion FDI haul puts it ahead of major economies in 2024

  • Global FDI rose to $1.51 trillion, still below its 2015 peak.
  • The top 10 countries accounted for 65% of total inflows.
  • Egypt ranked 8th globally with $46.6 billion, ahead of UAE and Mexico.
  • A $35 billion Ras El-Hekma deal drove much of Egypt’s surge.
  • Egypt’s FDI grew over 370%, the fastest among top recipients.

In 2024, global foreign direct investment (FDI) rose modestly to $1.51 trillion, continuing a gradual post-pandemic recovery but still far below the $2.2 trillion peak of 2015, with Egypt’s inflows growing more than 370% year-on-year.

The United States, Singapore, and China remained the top destinations, drawing over $538 billion combined. Capital flows continued to concentrate, with just 10 countries accounting for 63% of global FDI. Among them, the standout was Egypt, which climbed to 8th place globally with $46.6 billion, outperforming larger economies like the United Arab Emirates and Mexico.

This dramatic leap, driven by a $35 billion UAE-backed megaproject in Ras El-Hekma and sweeping domestic reforms, marks a rare moment where an African country disrupts the global investment hierarchy.

Source:

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Period:

2024
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Egypt accounted for nearly half of Africa’s $97 billion FDI inflow in 2024
  • Africa attracted $97 billion in FDI in 2024 — nearly double the 2023 level — marking a record year for the continent.
  • Egypt alone accounted for nearly 50% of total African inflows, driven by a $35 billion Ras El-Hekma megaproject and sweeping reforms.
  • Major gainers included Zambia (+1340%), Guinea (+105%), and Mauritania (+74%), showing momentum beyond usual hotspots.
  • Nigeria’s FDI dropped 42%, while South Africa (–29%) and Senegal (–58%) also saw steep declines.

Nigeria saw a record $390 million in Chinese FDI in 2007
  • Nigeria recorded its highest-ever Chinese FDI inflow of $390.4 million in 2007
  • The second-highest inflow of $333.1 million was recorded in 2012
  • FDI from China to Nigeria fluctuated significantly over the years, with major peaks in 2007, 2012, and 2020
  • 2022 saw a decline in Chinese FDI to Nigeria, falling to $119.6 million from $308.9 million in 2020

Construction and mining have attracted the largest share of FDI from China to Africa
  • Construction and mining dominate Chinese FDI in Africa, accounting for nearly 60% of the total investments
  • Financial intermediation, manufacturing, and commercial services also received $10.96 billion combined, smaller than construction alone
  • Leasing and commercial services attracted $2.16 billion, the least among all sectors
  • China’s FDI strategy in Africa continues to emphasise resource extraction and infrastructure, reinforcing economic interdependence

Nigeria's FDI made up only 2.5% of the country's capital imports in H1 2024
In H1 2024, Nigeria's FDI accounted for just 2.5% of the country's $5.98 billion total capital imports, down from 14% in H2 2023 and 6.2% in H1 2023. This highlights a shift towards other capital inflows like portfolio investments. Portfolio investments rose significantly to $3.48 billion, rebounding from $397 million in H2 2023 and $756 million in H1 2023.

Nigeria's FDI hasn't reached $200 million in any quarter Since 2022
Nigeria's FDI has dropped significantly. From an average of $417m per quarter (2013-2015) to less than $100m (Q1 2022 - Q2 2024), it hit its lowest ($29.8m) in Q2 2024. The trend shows declines since 2013, with key fluctuations and a shift in investment priorities.
  • 2013-2015: FDI was mostly above $200 million per quarter, peaking at $769 million in Q4 2014.
  • 2016-2021: FDI mostly stayed under $400 million, with a $531 million spike in Q3 2018.
  • 2022-2024: FDI hit new lows, bottoming out at $48 million in Q1 2023 and falling even further to $29.8 million in Q2 2024 — the lowest in 46 quarters.

Top investment destinations in Nigeria for the first half of 2021
Between 2017 and 2020, Nigeria’s announced Foreign Direct Investment figures were highest in 2018. However, there have been significant differences between investment announcements and FDI inflow over the years. Here are the FDI announcements and FDI inflow from 2017 to 2020. A destination analysis shows that Bayelsa State leads investment destinations with 36% of the total investments.

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