Nigeria relies significantly on corporate income tax for its tax revenue compared to Africa and OECD countries

Nigeria's tax revenue structure relies heavily on corporate income tax, which constitutes 35% of the total revenue, surpassing personal income tax and social security contributions. In contrast, the rest of Africa and OECD countries demonstrate a more balanced tax composition, with significant shares from personal income tax, VAT, and other tax categories.

This heavy reliance on corporate income tax highlights the unique fiscal structure in Nigeria, where other forms of tax contributions are less prominent. For those who wish to understand such fiscal models in depth or need support in presenting complex academic topics, services like hausarbeit schreiben lassen can offer professional guidance and structured academic writing tailored to economic subjects.

Source:

OECD

Period:

2021
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DR Congo’s FDI inflows rose from near-zero in the 1990s to $3.11B in 2024, with its highest growth phase occurring between 2007 and 2012
  • The 1990s saw multiple years of flat or negative FDI, including -$0.02B in 1995 and -$0.04B in 1997.
  • FDI surged to $1.81B in 2007 and $2.94B in 2010, marking a turning point.
  • The all-time high was $3.31B in 2012, with 2024 following closely at $3.11B.
  • From 2015 to 2024, annual FDI remained steadily above $1B, signalling sustained investor confidence.

Nigeria’s outstanding debt to the World Bank has grown nearly 100-fold since 1970, reaching $17.8 billion in 2024
  • Nigeria’s outstanding debt to the World Bank rose from $180 million in 1970 to $17.81 billion in 2024, a nearly 100-fold increase in 54 years.
  • The balance remained below $5 billion until 2013, but more than tripled between 2013 and 2024, signalling accelerated reliance on multilateral credit.
  • From 2020 to 2024, the outstanding debt rose by $6.4 billion, the sharpest five-year surge on record.
  • The figures reflect a steady accumulation of obligations, driven by long-term borrowing and slower repayment relative to disbursement.

Algeria’s FDI peaked at $2.75B in 2009, plunged to a -$580M outflow in 2015, then jumped 476% from $250M in 2022 to $1.44B in 2024.
  • Peak FDI was in 2009 with $2.75 billion, the highest recorded in the 1990–2024 period.
  • The year 2015 saw a rare negative inflow of -$580 million, marking Algeria’s only net FDI loss in the last three decades.
  • FDI inflows rose significantly between 2005 and 2011, consistently staying above $1 billion each year.
  • After the 2015 drop, inflows recovered modestly, hovering between $1.1B and $1.6B from 2016 to 2020.
  • FDI weakened again post-2020, falling to just $250 million in 2022, before rebounding to $1.44 billion by 2024.

Egypt rebounded from a $480 million FDI loss in 2011 to $46.6 billion in 2024, an over 9,000% surge, marking its highest inflow in 30+ years
  • Egypt attracted $46.6B in FDI in 2024, the highest in 35 years and nearly quadruple 2023’s $9.8B inflow.
  • Average FDI between 1990–2023 was just $4.9B, meaning 2024’s figure is over 9× the long-term average.
  • Prior to 2024, FDI peaked at $11.6B in 2007, with only three other years, 2008, 2022, and 2023 crossing the $9B mark.
  • In 2011, Egypt recorded –$0.48B in FDI, meaning more foreign investment left the country than came in, largely due to the Arab Spring unrest.
  • The 2005–2010 period was previously Egypt’s strongest run, averaging over $8B annually before political instability triggered sharp declines.

95% of Kenya’s $27.5 billion in FDI came after 2007, with inflows peaking at $2.23 billion in 2011
  • Kenya recorded $27.5B total FDI between 1990 and 2024, with most inflows occurring after 2007.
  • From 1990 to 2006, Kenya averaged just $0.04B annually, a sign of limited foreign investor confidence in early years.
  • A major turnaround began in 2007, with FDI jumping from $0.05B to $0.90B, and peaking at $2.23B in 2011.
  • Between 2007 and 2024, Kenya received over 92% of its total FDI, a sharp shift in its investment profile.
  • FDI has stayed above $1B annually since 2009, signalling consistent investor interest in Kenya’s growing economy.

Rwanda’s FDI has never crossed $1B in any year, peaking at $820M in 2024, with a 35-year total of $6.28B
  • Rwanda attracted a total of $6.28 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) over 35 years, from 1990 to 2024.
  • The highest annual inflow recorded was $820 million in 2024, making it the country’s strongest FDI year yet.
  • Between 2020 and 2024, Rwanda pulled in $2.70 billion, accounting for over 40 percent of its total investment since 1990.
  • From 1990 to 2004, annual FDI barely exceeded $100 million, with several years recording zero inflows.
  • Even during its best-performing years, Rwanda’s FDI never hit the $1 billion threshold.

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