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Nigeria
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Ethiopia achieved Africa’s fastest growth in real GDP per person over the 25 years to 2025
Ethiopia recorded Africa's fastest real GDP per capita growth between 2000 and 2025.
Rwanda ranked second, while Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Djibouti completed the top five.
Ethiopia's real GDP per capita rose 322%, from $910 to $3,843.
Mauritius recorded Africa's largest absolute gain in real GDP per capita.
Nigeria ranked 15th, with real GDP per capita increasing 76.7%.
Holding companies accounted for nearly 68% of Nigeria’s US direct investment balance in 2025
Nigeria held Africa’s fourth-largest US direct investment balance in 2025, at $4.56 billion.
The balance fell by $1.98 billion from $6.54 billion in 2024, a decline of 30.3%.
Nonbank holding companies accounted for $3.08 billion, or 67.7% of Nigeria’s total balance.
Manufacturing represented $552 million, or 12.1%, while other industries accounted for $921 million.
Holding-company assets may ultimately be deployed in other sectors, so the classification does not show their final use.
US direct investment balance in Africa fell to $37.9 billion in 2025, its lowest since 2008
US direct investment in Africa peaked at $69 billion in 2014 after expanding rapidly from the mid-2000s.
By 2025, the balance had fallen 45.1% from its peak to $37.9 billion, its lowest since 2008.
Mining drove the cycle, accounting for 88% of the 2010–2014 increase and 97% of the subsequent decline.
Africa’s share of the global US direct investment balance remained below 3% throughout 1985–2025.
The post-2014 decline was interrupted by brief recoveries in 2017 and 2021–2022.
The top ten countries held 98% of Africa’s US direct investment balance in 2025
Mauritius held Africa’s largest US direct investment balance in 2025, at $8.4 billion.
South Africa followed with $7.9 billion, ahead of Egypt’s $6.7 billion and Nigeria’s $4.6 billion.
Africa’s total balance fell by 8.4% to $37.91 billion, its third consecutive annual decline.
The top ten countries held 98% of Africa’s total, leaving only $0.7 billion across the rest.
Manufacturing led South Africa’s balance, mining dominated Egypt’s, and holding companies accounted for most of Nigeria’s.
South Africa and Egypt accounted for a third of Africa’s estimated $1.93tn government debt in 2025
Government debt across 51 African countries was estimated at $1.93 trillion in 2025.
South Africa and Egypt had the largest estimated stocks and jointly accounted for 33.8% of the total.
Sudan had the highest debt-to-GDP ratio at 187.6%, followed by Senegal at 130.2%.
The estimates use IMF debt ratios and current-dollar GDP, not national authorities’ reported debt stocks.
Differences in government coverage, instruments and valuation mean the figures are comparable estimates, not fully harmonised official data.
Kenya and Nigeria accounted for nearly half ($2.45bn) of Africa’s top 10 outward FDI in 2025
Kenya led Africa’s outward FDI in 2025, recording $1.26bn.
Nigeria followed closely with $1.19bn, after a 191% increase.
Together, Kenya and Nigeria accounted for $2.45bn of the top 10 total.
Morocco and Egypt completed the top four, with $812.8m and $695.9m.
Angola recorded the fastest growth among the top 10, rising 278%.
Africa’s total outflow was lower because negative outflows offset gains elsewhere.
Nigeria’s FDI inflow crossed $4bn for the first time since 2014
Nigeria’s FDI inflows rose to $4.01 billion in 2025, the highest level since 2014.
The 2025 figure represents a 148% increase from the revised $1.61 billion recorded in 2024.
Despite the rebound, Nigeria remains far below its 2011 peak of $8.91 billion.
Nigeria’s strongest FDI period was 2005 to 2014, when inflows stayed above $4 billion every year.
Nigeria’s FDI inflows rose to 4th in Africa after a 148% increase, while Egypt remained the continent’s top destination
Egypt remained Africa’s top FDI destination with $15.45bn. Nigeria ranked 4th after FDI inflows rose 148% to $4.01bn. Guinea had the biggest top-10 jump, rising 454% to $7.76bn. Africa’s top 10 accounted for 73% of total FDI inflows.
Nigeria’s external debt service crossed $5bn in 2025 after payments in 2018–2025 dwarfed the previous decade
Nigeria’s external debt service entered a heavier phase in 2018.
External debt service crossed $5bn in 2025.
Nigeria paid about $22.2bn from 2018 to 2025.
That was about 6x the $3.7bn paid from 2008 to 2017.
The 2006 spike reflects one-off debt settlement payments.
Nigeria collected ₦34.6 trillion in company income tax over 11 years
Nigeria collected ₦34.62 trillion in company income tax across 45 quarters from Q1 2015 to Q1 2026.
Average quarterly collection stood at about ₦769 billion over the period.
CIT collections stayed below ₦1 trillion in every quarter until Q2 2023.
Since Q2 2024, collections have remained above ₦1 trillion for eight straight quarters.
The highest quarterly collection was ₦2.96 trillion in Q3 2025.
Annual CIT collections rose sharply from ₦2.82 trillion in 2022 to ₦9.21 trillion in 2025.
The recent surge is nominal and likely reflects stronger collections, inflation, naira depreciation, and higher naira-value foreign CIT receipts.
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