Venezuela and Iran lead globally with ultra-cheap diesel under $0.01, as Libya tops Africa’s chart at $0.028

Key Takeaways

  • Venezuela and Iran offer diesel at nearly free prices, charging just $0.004 and $0.006 per litre respectively, the lowest globally.
  • Libya leads Africa with diesel priced at only $0.028 per litre, making it the third cheapest worldwide.
  • Six African countries—Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Angola, Nigeria and Sudan—feature in the global top 20 for the lowest diesel prices.
  • Nigeria ranks 17th globally, with diesel priced at $0.658 per litre, despite recent subsidy removals and price hikes.

Across the globe, diesel prices reveal the stark contrast in energy policy, subsidies, and resource wealth. Venezuela and Iran stand out dramatically, offering diesel at under a cent per [litre,] prices that defy market logic and underscore intense state [subsidisation.] Libya, despite its economic and political volatility, holds the cheapest diesel rate in Africa at $0.028, followed closely by Algeria and Egypt. Notably, six African nations [are]in the global top 20, a testament to the continent's reliance on fuel subsidies to cushion public costs. Meanwhile, oil-rich Middle Eastern countries like Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar also maintain low diesel prices, reinforcing the region's tradition of using energy affordability as a socio-economic tool.

It is also important to consider the standard of living when looking into this data, as low prices do not always equate to affordability for the local population.

Source:

Global Petrol Prices

Period:

21st of July, 2025
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Related Insights

Nigeria's petrol prices have surged 40% since the US/Israel-Iran War
  • Nigeria recorded the largest petrol price increase in Africa, rising 39.5% between February 23 and March 16, 2026.
  • Egypt experienced a 14.3% increase, making it one of the largest price jumps in Africa.
  • Nigeria’s increase is more than double that of Egypt.
  • A number of African countries recorded very small price changes, including Tanzania (2.7%), Morocco (2.1%), and South Africa (1%).
  • A few countries actually saw declines in fuel prices, including Madagascar (-3.9%) and Zambia (-4.6%).
  • During the period, petrol prices remained unchanged in 28 African countries.

Dangote Refinery’s fuel price hits an all-time-high, rising from ₦699 to ₦1,175 in four months
Fuel prices from Dangote Refinery reached an all-time high of ₦1,175 per litre in March 2026. The lowest recorded price in the period was ₦699 per litre in December 2025, showing a wide price swing. The jump from ₦699 to ₦1,175 happened in roughly four months.
  • Prices earlier in the timeline hovered mostly between ₦820 and ₦987 during late 2024 and much of 2025.
  • The December 2025 price cut was aimed at making locally refined fuel more competitive against imports.
  • After the price drop, fuel costs began rising again in early 2026, reaching ₦995 by early March before climbing further.
  • Global geopolitical tensions affecting oil markets contributed to the upward pressure on prices.

Nigeria’s crude oil export value surges over 400% from 2020 to a record ₦55.3tn in 2024
  • Export values have grown over 400%, rising from ₦11.8 trillion in 2013 to a peak of ₦55.3 trillion in 2024, a fivefold increase driven by rising oil prices and a weaker naira.
  • 2015 and 2016 were the hardest years, with export values crashing as low as ₦6.8 trillion in 2015, reflecting the brutal impact of the global oil price collapse on Nigeria's most critical export.
  • The most explosive growth came from 2023 onwards, with values surging past ₦29 trillion in 2023 and peaking at ₦55.3 trillion in 2024, largely driven by the naira depreciation following Nigeria's 2023 foreign exchange reforms.
  • The first nine months of 2025 saw a slower pace than the previous year, with ₦37.7 trillion recorded between Q1 and Q3, lower than the ₦41.5 trillion recorded during the same period in 2024.

Nigeria’s exports remain oil-dominated, but non-oil exports are steadily rising—reaching up to 18% in early 2025
  • Oil exports continued to dominate, averaging over 88% of total exports in 2024 and remaining above 81% in the first half of 2025.
  • Non-oil exports rose gradually, from a low of 6.9% (February 2024) to a high of 18.1% (January 2025).
  • Peaks in non-oil export contributions occurred in July 2024 (16.4%) and January–April 2025 (13–18%), indicating progress toward diversification.
  • Total exports remained heavily oil-driven, though sustained double-digit non-oil shares in late 2024 and early 2025 show a slow shift.

US crude oil imports from Nigeria plunged 86%, from 2005's peak of 425.4m barrels to 61.4m barrels in 2024
  • The US imported 425 million barrels of crude oil and other petroleum products from Nigeria in 2005, the highest in the past 32 years.
  • The US shale boom reduced America’s reliance on foreign crude.
  • The launch of the Dangote Refinery has increased domestic demand for crude oil, further reducing the amount available for export to the US.
  • Nigeria, which was regularly a top five crude oil supplier to the US in earlier decades, ranked ninth among its suppliers in 2024.

After years of volatility, Nigeria’s crude oil production has increased in four consecutive quarters, rising to 1.68 mbpd in Q2 2025
  • Production dipped sharply in 2022, with the steepest quarterly decline of –16.08% in Q3, before recovering at year-end.
  • 2023 marked a rebound year, highlighted by strong quarterly growth of 18.85% in Q3, lifting production back above 1.5 mbpd.
  • 2024 showed relative stability, with modest fluctuations; production only briefly fell below 1.5 mbpd before gradually recovering.
  • By Q2 2025, output hit 1.68 mbpd, the highest in the series, supported by consistent growth in three straight quarters.

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