Zambia recorded the highest growth rate in its cost of CO2 emission in 2020
The cost of damage caused by carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels in Zambia increased from 0.46% in 2009 to 1.77% in 2021. As of 2023, the southern African nation's population was estimated to be 20.6 million individuals.
Fossil fuels still generate 2.5x more electricity than non-fossil sources, though the gap has narrowed from a 2007 peak of 4.5x.
South Africa and Egypt together account for all of Africa's nuclear power and 59% of its non-hydro renewables.
Hydropower, the largest non-fossil source at 188.6 TWh, tells a different geographic story, with 91% generated outside South Africa and Egypt, mainly in Eastern, Middle, and Western Africa.
Gas still leads at 403.9 TWh, but its growth slowed to 0.8% in 2025 versus 11.9% growth for non-fossil sources.
