Since 2010, the Federal Government of Nigeria has spent N45.57 trillion on servicing its debt.

Key takeaways:

  • Debt servicing costs have grown significantly over the years, from ₦400 billion in 2010 to an estimated ₦11.8 trillion in 2024 — a nearly 30-fold increase in just 15 years.
  • Between 2010 and 2024, Nigeria has spent ₦45.57 trillion on servicing its debt, demonstrating the enormity of its financial obligations.
  • The year 2024 stands out as the most expensive year yet, with ₦11.8 trillion spent on debt servicing — a jump of over 37% compared to 2023's ₦8.6 trillion.
  • While debt service expenditures grew gradually in the early 2010s, the most rapid increases occurred after 2019, with spending surging from ₦2.4 trillion in 2019 to ₦8.6 trillion in 2023.
  • From 2019 to 2024, debt servicing costs rose by almost 392%, showcasing how Nigeria’s debt burden has amplified in a short period.
  • This steep rise in debt servicing diverts resources from critical areas such as infrastructure, health, and education, hindering overall development.

There is a striking and consistent increase in Nigeria’s debt servicing costs over the past fifteen years, reaching a cumulative of ₦45.57 trillion between 2010 and 2024. From ₦400 billion in 2010, debt service expenditures have skyrocketed to an estimated ₦11.8 trillion in 2024, demonstrating the heavy burden of rising national debt. In the 2025 federal government proposed budget, N16.33 trillion was allocated to debt servicing. As debt servicing costs increase, the opportunity cost — resources that could otherwise be directed to health care, education, and infrastructure — becomes more evident.

Source:

CBN

Period:

2010-2024
HTML code to embed chart
Want a bespoke report?
Reach out
Click to copy HTML embed code
Tags
Related Insights
Borno records lowest domestic debt in North-East Nigeria at ₦22.3 billion in Q2 2025
  • The six North-Eastern states collectively owe around ₦450 billion in domestic debt as of Q2 2025.
  • Borno State maintains the lowest debt in the region at ₦22.3 billion, showing signs of controlled borrowing amid post-conflict rebuilding.
  • Bauchi State has the highest domestic debt burden of ₦143.6 billion, accounting for about 31% of the region’s total.
  • The top three states, Bauchi, Taraba and Gombe, collectively account for more than two-thirds of the zone’s total subnational debt stock.
In just six months, Nigeria spent over $2.3 billion servicing external debts
  • Nigeria paid $816.3 million to the International Monetary Fund, accounting for over 35% of total external debt service payments.
  • Eurobond payments followed closely, with $687.8 million paid, reflecting Nigeria’s heavy reliance on commercial debt instruments.
  • Multilateral lenders like IDA and AfDB collectively received about $463 million, signalling continued exposure to concessional financing.
  • China’s share shrinking: Payments to Chinese lenders (EXIM + CDB) totalled $235.6 million, less than 11% of total outflows, suggesting reduced Chinese debt servicing in H1 2025.
Over 60% of Nigeria’s ₦1.7 trillion domestic debt service in Q2 2025 was spent on Federal Government Bonds
  • FGN bonds dominated: ₦1.07 trillion went to Federal Government Bonds, accounting for about 63% of total domestic debt servicing.
  • Treasury bills followed: Payments on NTBs reached ₦537.9 billion, making up roughly 31% of the total.
  • Sukuk and promissory notes together cost ₦90.8 billion, reflecting Nigeria’s mix of infrastructure and settlement instruments.
  • Green and savings bonds remained minimal, together below ₦5 billion, showing limited traction for retail and sustainability-focused debt.
93% of Nigeria's public debt is owed by the Federal Government
  • The Federal Government’s share of total public debt rose from 79.5% in 2019 to 92.6% in 2025.
  • States’ share has more than halved, from 20.5% to 7.4% in six years.
  • Total public debt grew from $83.9 billion to $99.7 billion, peaking at $113.4 billion in 2023.
  • Nigeria’s debt burden is increasingly concentrated at the centre, amplifying federal repayment risks and reducing fiscal independence for states.
60% of Nigeria's ₦152.4 trillion public debt is owed to domestic lenders
  • Total public debt hits ₦152.4 trillion, marking another milestone in Nigeria’s expanding debt profile.
  • Domestic debt leads at ₦80.5 trillion, making up about 53% of total obligations.
  • External debt stands at ₦71.8 trillion, equivalent to roughly 47%, reflecting Nigeria’s ongoing exposure to foreign lenders.
  • The data signals growing fiscal dependence on local markets, as authorities seek to limit exchange rate risks while still financing deficits.
Lagos’s domestic debt is 7.5% (₦72.6 billion) higher than the South South’s
  • The South-West recorded the highest domestic debt stock of approximately ₦1.43 trillion, largely powered by Lagos State’s ₦1.04 trillion debt.
  • The South-South ranks second with ₦968 billion, led by Rivers State’s ₦364.4 billion, reflecting major infrastructure and fiscal commitments.
  • The North-Central (₦520 billion) and North-East (₦450 billion) show moderate borrowing compared to their southern counterparts.
  • The North-West records the smallest combined debt stock at ₦223 billion, indicating a relatively conservative borrowing posture.
POPULAR TOPICS
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Get periodic updates about the African startup space, access to our reports, among others.
Subscribe Here
Subscription Form
A product of Techpoint Africa. All rights reserved