Oil prices dropped 35% in 2020 after COVID-19, with an additional 21% decline in 2023 amidst the Russia-Ukraine conflict

In 2020, OPEC's oil prices dropped by 35% as global demand collapsed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years of economic recovery followed before Russia, one of the world's largest oil producers and importers, invaded Ukraine in 2022. This invasion triggered global economic instability, resulting in a 21% decline in oil prices the following year.

Source:

Opec.org

Period:

2011-2024
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After years of volatility, Nigeria’s crude oil production has increased in four consecutive quarters, rising to 1.68 mbpd in Q2 2025
  • Production dipped sharply in 2022, with the steepest quarterly decline of –16.08% in Q3, before recovering at year-end.
  • 2023 marked a rebound year, highlighted by strong quarterly growth of 18.85% in Q3, lifting production back above 1.5 mbpd.
  • 2024 showed relative stability, with modest fluctuations; production only briefly fell below 1.5 mbpd before gradually recovering.
  • By Q2 2025, output hit 1.68 mbpd, the highest in the series, supported by consistent growth in three straight quarters.
The US remained the dominant producer of bio-diesel, with 15.25 million metric tons produced in 2023
  • Only 37 countries produced bio-diesel in 2023.
  • No African country produced bio-diesel.
  • The US remained the dominant producer of bio-diesel with 15.25 million metric tons produced in 2023, which is 36% of the total quantity produced globally.
  • Germany was the top exporter of bio diesel with 2.18 million metric tons.
In the last one year, petrol prices in Nigeria fluctuated, reaching the maximum average price (₦1,262) in March 2025, before dropping gradually
  • Petrol prices in Nigeria rose by 52% between August 2024 (₦830.5) and March 2025 (₦1,261.7).
  • The highest monthly increase was in September 2024 (+24.1%), while the sharpest drop came in April 2025 (-17.1%).
  • By July 2025, prices had eased to ₦1,025, still 23% higher than a year earlier.
  • NNPC retail outlets offered significantly lower prices than the national average, with Abuja as low as ₦880 at the March 2025 peak.
  • Dangote Refinery offered relatively competitive pricing, ranging from ₦840 to ₦899, creating an alternative supply option.
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  • Russia (0.63Tcm) and Iran (0.26Tcm) follow as the second and third largest producers.

  • China (0.25Tcm) and Canada (0.19Tcm) also feature strongly, rounding out the top five producers.

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Nigeria remained Africa’s top oil producer in 2024, contributing over 22% of the continent's production
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