Experts predict that by 2084, annual deaths might start to outnumber births

By 2084, global deaths are projected to surpass births, marking a potential shift towards a population decline. This trend reflects a steady rise in death rates alongside a decrease in birth rates, as shown in UN data.

Source:

United Nations Population Division

Period:

1950 - 2100
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While Africa's total fertility rate remains the highest in 2025 (3.95), every other continent is below 2.2
  • Africa’s fertility rate in 2025 is estimated at 3.95, the highest in the world.
  • Europe’s fertility rate is the lowest in 2025 at just 1.41 children per woman.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean saw a steep drop from 5.83 in 1955 to 1.78 in 2025.
  • Asia’s fertility rate fell from 5.85 in 1955 to 1.87 in 2025.
  • Oceania’s fertility rate dropped from 6.58 in 1955 to 2.13 in 2025.
  • By 2025, all continents except Africa are at or below the replacement rate of 2.1.

Of the 138 million children (5-17 years) in child labour globally, nearly 70% are in Africa
  • In 2024, nearly 138 million children globally are still involved in child labour.
  • Africa accounts for 94.5 million (68.7%) of these children — the largest regional share.
  • Four in 5 child labourers under age 12 are based in Africa.
  • The global goal to end child labour by 2025 was not achieved.
  • Child labour has fallen by over 100 million since 2000, despite global child population growth.

63.8% of Rwanda's parliament are women as of 2024 - highest in the world
  • Rwanda is a global leader in gender-inclusive governance, with nearly two-thirds (63.8%) of its parliament occupied by women.
  • Latin American nations dominate the list, with Cuba (55.7%), Nicaragua (55.0%), and Mexico (50.2%) showing strong female political participation.
  • The UAE stands out as the only Middle Eastern country in the top 10, achieving 50% female representation.
  • Despite being a high-income European nation, Monaco has the lowest representation among the top 10, with women holding only 45.8% of seats.

Women-led businesses in Africa receive only a fraction of available capital despite high entrepreneurship rates​​
  • Women-led businesses in Africa raise significantly less funding than male-led counterparts. In 2017, female-led startups secured only $1 for every $25 raised by male-led startups, and this disparity persisted through 2024.
  • Despite making up 26% of all entrepreneurs in Africa, women receive less than 10% of total investment capital.
  • Women in Africa face structural financing challenges, including limited collateral, fewer investment networks, and biases in lending decisions.
  • While some countries have introduced financial inclusion programmes, overall access to credit for women remains disproportionately low.
  • The rise of women-focused venture funds, such as WIC Capital and Janngo, signals a slow but emerging shift towards more equitable funding distribution.
  • If this trend continues, Africa risks stifling economic growth by not fully leveraging the entrepreneurial potential of women-led businesses.​​

Nigeria halved under-5 mortality from 325.2 to 107.2 per 1,000 live births from 1960 to 2022
  • Ghana's under-5 mortality rate at 42.3 deaths per 1,000 live births, still higher than the SDG target of 25 deaths per 1,000 live births.
  • Cape Verde achieved the most dramatic reduction in under-5 mortality rates, cutting its rate by over 93%, from 174.8 in 1960 to 12.3 in 2022, the lowest in West Africa.
  • Sierra Leone had the highest under-5 mortality rate in 1960, at 390.1 deaths per 1,000 live births, marking it as one of the most challenging places for child survival in the region at the time.
  • Liberia experienced a troubling increase in under-5 mortality rates during the 1980s, peaking at 263.8 in 1990, a period marked by civil war and economic instability.

Africa’s share of unregistered children is nearly double that of South Asia and over four times the rest of the world combined
  • 56% (91 million) of unregistered children live in Africa, more than the rest of the world combined.
  • South Asia follows with 32%, while the rest of the world accounts for just 12%.
  • Africa’s share of unregistered children is nearly double that of South Asia and over four times that of the rest of the world.
  • This disparity underscores the urgent need for improved civil registration systems in high-impact regions.

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