Construction and mining have attracted the largest share of FDI from China to Africa

Key takeaways

  • Construction and mining dominate Chinese FDI in Africa, accounting for nearly 60% of the total investments
  • Financial intermediation, manufacturing, and commercial services also received $10.96 billion combined, smaller than construction alone
  • Leasing and commercial services attracted $2.16 billion, the least among all sectors
  • China’s FDI strategy in Africa continues to emphasise resource extraction and infrastructure, reinforcing economic interdependence

Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Africa is heavily concentrated in construction and mining, which together received $23.34 billion in 2022. This represents nearly 60% of the total Chinese FDI in the region. Other sectors, including manufacturing and financial intermediation, also attract investment, but in smaller amounts. The least-funded sector, leasing and commercial services, received just $2.16 billion.

Source:

Johns Hopkins University SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative

Period:

HTML code to embed chart
Want a bespoke report?
Reach out
Tags
Related Insights

Kenya and Nigeria accounted for nearly half ($2.45bn) of Africa’s top 10 outward FDI in 2025
  • Kenya led Africa’s outward FDI in 2025, recording $1.26bn.
  • Nigeria followed closely with $1.19bn, after a 191% increase.
  • Together, Kenya and Nigeria accounted for $2.45bn of the top 10 total.
  • Morocco and Egypt completed the top four, with $812.8m and $695.9m.
  • Angola recorded the fastest growth among the top 10, rising 278%.
  • Africa’s total outflow was lower because negative outflows offset gains elsewhere.

Nigeria’s FDI inflow crossed $4bn for the first time since 2014
  • Nigeria’s FDI inflows rose to $4.01 billion in 2025, the highest level since 2014.
  • The 2025 figure represents a 148% increase from the revised $1.61 billion recorded in 2024.
  • Despite the rebound, Nigeria remains far below its 2011 peak of $8.91 billion.
  • Nigeria’s strongest FDI period was 2005 to 2014, when inflows stayed above $4 billion every year.

Nigeria’s FDI inflows rose to 4th in Africa after a 148% increase, while Egypt remained the continent’s top destination
Egypt remained Africa’s top FDI destination with $15.45bn. Nigeria ranked 4th after FDI inflows rose 148% to $4.01bn. Guinea had the biggest top-10 jump, rising 454% to $7.76bn. Africa’s top 10 accounted for 73% of total FDI inflows.

Europe, Asia, and the Americas have attracted a combined 94% of global foreign investment since 1990, leaving Africa and Oceania with just 6%
  • Europe ($12.58 trillion), Asia ($11.88 trillion), and the Americas ($11.49 trillion) are nearly tied after 35 years, each capturing roughly a third of global FDI
  • Asia grew from just $25 billion annually in 1990 to consistently attracting $600-700 billion per year, showing the most stable growth pattern
  • Major crises (2001, 2008-09, 2020, and 2022) caused dramatic swings, with Europe even recording negative flows in 2022
  • Africa and Oceania combined received just 6% of total FDI, remaining far behind despite Africa's recent acceleration to $97 billion in 2024

North Africa was the primary destination for FDI in 2024, attracting 52% of Africa's total FDI inflow
  • Africa attracted $97 billion in total FDI inflows in 2024.
  • North Africa dominated with $51 billion (52%), remaining the continent’s top foreign investment hub.
  • West Africa ranked second with $15 billion (15.3%).
  • East Africa secured $13 billion (13.3%).
  • Central Africa remained the least favoured, with only $8 billion (8.2%) in FDI inflows.

Nigeria’s share of Africa’s FDI collapsed from ~38% in 1994 to barely 1.1% in 2024
  • Nigeria’s FDI share plunged from 35% in 1990 to 1.1% in 2024.
  • Africa’s FDI surged over the same period, leaving Nigeria behind.
  • Q1 2025 inflow was only $126.3 million, showing persistent weakness.
  • Decline mirrors structural hurdles — unstable policies, forex issues, and weak infrastructure.

POPULAR TOPICS
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Get periodic updates about the African startup space, access to our reports, among others.
Subscribe Here
Subscription Form

A product of Techpoint Africa. All rights reserved