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In January 2025, the food inflation rate dropped to 26.08% from 39.84% in December 2024
Key takeaways:
  • The inflation rate experienced a growth rate of 60.5% from May 2023 to December 2024.
  • The May 2024 food inflation rate grew by 15.84% points higher than May 2023 levels.
  • The most significant monthly increase occurred in February 2024, when food inflation rose by 2.51% from January 2024.
  • Brief periods of relief were observed in July, August, and December 2024, when the rates showed slight declines.
  • The food inflation rate dropped by 13.76% between December 2024 and January 2025 due to CPI rebasing to 2024 from 2009.

South-west remitted ₦341.38B but received only ₦99.85B
  • South-West drives Nigeria’s VAT but gets little back. The region remitted ₦341.38B (53%) but received only ₦99.85B (29% return).
  • South-South remitted ₦121.84B but got ₦52.49B (43% return); Rivers alone gave ₦90.21B but got just ₦11.01B.
  • The North enjoyed the highest VAT gains, remitting ₦66.18B and receiving ₦161.11B (240% return); the North-West got ₦66.75B from ₦28.31B (235% return).
  • South-East and North-East got the biggest VAT boost. South-East: ₦10.94B remitted, ₦39.13B received (357.6% return); North-East: ₦14.94B remitted, ₦46.68B received (312.5% return).

From 2012 to 2022, Nigeria's government expenditure on education decreased from 0.55% of GDP to 0.35%
Key takeaways:
  • Throughout the decade, Nigeria saw a consistent decline in education funding as a percentage of GDP.
  • The most substantial allocation occurred in 2012 at 0.55% of GDP.
  • The lowest allocation was noted in 2022 at 0.35% of GDP.
  • There was a brief recovery from 2017 to 2018 before the downward trend resumed in 2019.
  • Over the decade, the overall reduction in education spending relative to GDP was approximately 36.5%.
  • Nigeria's education spending as a percentage of GDP is significantly lower than the UNESCO recommendation of 4-6% for developing nations.

From 2011 to 2022, the highest total revenue recorded by the Nigerian government was in 2011, reaching 17.73%
Key Takeaways:
  • Nigeria's total revenue decreased from 17.73% of GDP in 2011 to 9.09% in 2022.
  • The lowest point for the country’s revenue occurred in 2016, at only 5.12% of GDP.
  • Although there has been some recovery since 2016, revenue still falls well below the levels seen before 2015.
  • The sharpest decline took place between 2011 and 2016, with revenue dropping by over 12 percentage points.
  • In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant drop to 6.52%, followed by a period of recovery.

The inflation rate of all items, excluding farm produce and energy, reached 29.28% as of December 2024, a 9.45% increase from May 2023
Key takeaways:
  • February 2024 saw the largest month-on-month rise in inflation, climbing nearly 2% from 23.59% in January 2024.
  • Nigeria experienced brief periods of relief, with slight drops in core inflation during November 2023 and September 2024.
  • From May 2023 to December 2024, the inflation rate fluctuated within the 20% to 30% range.
  • December 2023 registered the highest inflation rate during the first eight months of the observed period.
  • The core inflation rate dropped to 22.59% in January 2025 from 29.28% in December 2024 due to the Consumer Price Index rebasing from 2009 to 2024.

From 2011 to 2022, the highest total revenue recorded by the Nigerian government was in 2011, reaching 17.73%
Key Takeaways:
  • Nigeria's total revenue decreased from 17.73% of GDP in 2011 to 9.09% in 2022.
  • The lowest point for the country’s revenue occurred in 2016, at only 5.12% of GDP.
  • Although there has been some recovery since 2016, revenue still falls well below the levels seen before 2015.
  • The sharpest decline took place between 2011 and 2016, with revenue dropping by over 12 percentage points.
  • In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant drop to 6.52%, followed by a period of recovery.

The inflation rate in Nigeria rose from 22.41% in May 2023 to 34.80% by December 2024 and dropped to 24.48% in January 2025
Key takeaways:
  • Amidst the overall upward rise in inflation since May 2023, Nigeria experienced a brief relief with slight declines between June and September 2024.
  • The inflation rate in May 2024 was 11.54% points higher than that of June 2023.
  • The inflation rate in Nigeria increased by approximately 55% from May 2023 to December 2024.
  • In December 2024, the inflation rate increased by about 4.9% points when compared to January 2024.
  • Between December 2024 and January 2025, the inflation rate dropped by 10.32%.
  • The National Bureau of Statistics rebased the Consumer Price Index from 2009 to 2024 in January 2025.

Cooking gas costs more in Nigeria's North East than in any other region
Key Takeaways:
  • The North East had the highest average cooking gas prices of ₦7.4k and ₦18.2k for 5kg and 12.5kg cylinders respectively
  • The average price of 5kg and 12.5kg cooking gas rose by 44.62% and 50.08% from December 2023
  • The North East had the highest average price for 5kg gas, followed by the North Central, South West, North East, South East, and then the South South, which had the lowest average price
  • The North East had the highest average price for 12.5kg gas, followed by the South West, South-South, South East, North East, and then the North Central, which had the lowest average price

As of December 2024, Taraba State (₦20,290.8) recorded the highest average price for 12.5kg cooking gas
Key Takeaways:
  • The average price for 12.5kg cooking gas varies between ₦15,000 and ₦20,300
  • The average price difference of cooking gas among Nigerian states is 28.97%
  • Four out of the six states in the Southwest region are among the top 20 Nigerian states with the highest average cooking gas prices
  • Nine out of Nigeria's 36 states plus Abuja have an average price for 12.5kg cooking gas that exceeds ₦18,000
  • Taraba State stands out as the only state in Nigeria with an average cooking gas price surpassing ₦20,000
  • The national average price of 12.5kg cooking gas in Nigeria is ₦17,274.16

The average price of kerosene rose by almost 71% between May 2023 and December 2024
Key takeaways:
  • The average kerosene price increased by approximately 70.5%, rising from ₦1,206.1 in May 2023 to ₦2,056.4 in December 2024.
  • Prices witnessed a moderate growth rate of 13% from May to December 2023, while the rate of increase escalated sharply in 2024, with a rise of 50.9% from January to December 2024.
  • A notable acceleration in prices began in July 2024, when the price per litre first surpassed ₦1,700.
  • The average price in December 2024 (₦2,056.4) was 51% greater than the average price in December 2023 (₦1,362.3).

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