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By 2054, India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country, growing by 17.1% from 2024 to reach 1.69 billion people
Key Takeaways:
  • India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2054, reaching 1.69 billion, an increase of 246 million from 2024.
  • China’s population is expected to decline to 1.22 billion by 2054, marking a 14.1% decrease.
  • Nigeria is projected to rise to 5th place globally, with a population of 374 million, a 62% increase from 2024.
  • The United States remains the only high-income country in the top five, with a projected population of 384 million.
  • Pakistan is expected to climb from 5th to 3rd place, adding 138 million people by 2054.
  • Three African countries (Nigeria, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) are expected to rank among the top 10 most populous nations.
  • Russia is projected to see a population decline of 6.9%.

By 2100, seven African nations are expected to rank among the world’s 15 most populous countries, with Nigeria’s population projected to more than double
Key Takeaways:
  • India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2100, with 1.5 billion people, a 4.5% increase from 2024.
  • China’s population is expected to fall sharply by 55.1% to 638.7 million, less than half of its 2024 population.
  • Pakistan's population is expected to nearly double by 2100.
  • Nigeria is projected to become the world’s fourth most populous country by 2100, with a population of more than 470 million.
  • Seven of the 15 most populous countries in 2100 are expected to be in Africa.
  • The United States is projected to rank sixth globally by 2100 from its current third position, despite a 22.2% expected population increase from 2024.
  • Together, the top 15 countries are expected to account for 57.9% of the global population by 2100.
  • The total world population is projected to reach 10.19 billion by the end of the century.

The top 15 countries accounted for 68.8% of global gold production in 2023, with four African nations among the leaders
Key takeaways:
  • China led global gold production with 378.16 tonnes, representing approximately 10.4% of global output.
  • The top five producers (China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States) collectively produced 37% of the world’s gold.
  • African nations showed remarkable strength, with four countries in the top 15 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, and Burkina Faso).
  • Ghana led Africa in gold production and ranked 6th globally, producing 135.11 tonnes in 2023.
  • China, Australia, and Russia together produced nearly 1,000 tonnes of gold, accounting for 27.3% of total world production.

China, India, and Nigeria accounted for 61% of the global groundnut production between 1961 and 2022
From 1961 to 2022, Nigeria contributed about 7.3% to the global groundnut production, making it a key player in the sector. Alongside China and India, which also dominated production, these three countries accounted for 61% of the world’s groundnut supply.

India has been the World Bank's top debtor since 1970, owing $38.3 billion as of 2022
India has been the World Bank's largest debtor for over 50 years, with a debt of $38.3 billion as of 2022. Five Asian nations — India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and China — owe a combined $111.2 billion, or 27% of the World Bank’s total debt. Nigeria, Africa's largest World Bank debtor, ranks 10th, with nearly #14 billion in debt.

How Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Colombia overtook Nigeria in palm oil production
Nigeria was once a global leader in palm oil production, but it has been overtaken by Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Colombia. Indonesia, in particular, has seen a 34,018% increase in production since 1961, reaching 49.7 million tonnes by 2021.

Indonesia and Malaysia accounted for 84% of global palm oil production in 2021
Asian countries dominated the global palm oil market in 2021. Indonesia and Malaysia accounted for 67.8 million tonnes out of 80.7 million tonnes produced. Smaller producers like Nigeria (1.4 million tonnes) and Guatemala (0.8 million tonnes) had modest contributions.

India, China, and Nigeria accounted for 30% of global daily births in 2023
In 2023, an estimated 132.1 million newborns were welcomed worldwide, averaging 361.9 thousand births per day. India, China, and Nigeria accounted for nearly 30% of daily births; India had the highest contribution with 63,600.

France and Spain lead as Nigeria’s top export markets in H1 2024
Nigeria's total exports reached ₦38.6 trillion in H1 2024 — ₦19.2 trillion in Q1 and ₦19.4 trillion in Q2. Spain led export destinations in Q2 with ₦2.01 trillion, followed by the US (₦1.86 trillion) and France (₦1.82 trillion).

Nigeria accounted for 2% of the global labour force
As of 2023, the global labour force has expanded to an estimated 3.63 billion, driven by population booms in key regions. China and India lead with a combined 1.37 billion people 15+ active in the workforce. Nigeria ranks 7th with 76 million, following the US, Indonesia, Brazil, and Pakistan.

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