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Heritage Bank’s eventual collapse in 2024 was long in the making

Heritage Bank emerged from the ashes of Société Générale Bank Nigeria (SGBN), which lost its license in 2006.
The bank rebranded and re-entered the market in 2012, later acquiring Enterprise Bank in 2014 to expand its reach.
Despite its growth, financial instability and poor loan performance plagued its operations.
By 2021, it recorded a staggering 81.2% non-performing loan (NPL) ratio.
Regulatory pressures mounted, leading to the revocation of its banking license in June 2024.

Keystone Bank has survived shakeups but not without scars

Bank PHB was among the banks flagged in the 2009 CBN/NDIC audit for capital inadequacy and governance failures.
Despite regulatory interventions, it failed to recapitalise by the September 30, 2011 deadline, leading to its license revocation.
The CBN and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) established Keystone Bank as a bridge bank to take over Bank PHB’s assets and liabilities.
The Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) managed Keystone Bank until 2017, when it was sold to private investors.
The bank later divested from its international subsidiaries, focusing on the domestic market.
In 2024, the CBN dissolved its board, signalling ongoing financial and governance concerns.

Access Bank has evolved from a Nigerian bank to a pan-African financial institution

When Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede and Herbert Wigwe acquired Access Bank in 2002, it ranked 65th in Nigeria. Today, it is the largest bank in Nigeria by asset size, with a vision to be Africa's most respected bank.

While its expansion across Africa has been aggressive, it has not been smooth sailing. Access Bank divested its holdings in Access Bank Côte d'Ivoire and Finbank Burundi, two of its earliest attempts at expansion. In Gambia, the Central Bank nationalised the bank in 2014. The nationalisation was short-lived as investors recapitalised the bank to meet the regulator's requirements for the takeover. With rolling five-year corporate plans since 2003, Access is in its fifth strategic cycle. Access' strategy cycle (2023-2027) indicates a plan to continue its expansion drive, invest in its subsidiaries, and acquire growth banks in strategic markets before consolidating and optimising its operations to drive capital growth.

UBA has the largest global footprint of Nigerian banks with an international licence

Seven Nigerian commercial banks have international authorisation. Per the new capital requirements, these banks must raise their shareholders' funds to ₦500 billion by April 2026, up from ₦50 billion, to retain their licences. All seven banks have footprints in the UK, where FCMB and Fidelity Bank operate, underutilising their licence. Ghana and Sierra Leone are the only countries where all the big five have a presence. While UBA is present in more countries than any other bank, Access is catching up quickly and poised to overtake it. In the past two years, it has expanded into over five countries, with plans to grow its presence to nearly 30 countries by 2027.

Nigeria: POS transactions surge over 10,700x in 14 years, as ATM use declines

As ATMs struggle with cash shortages, Nigerians have turned to POS to fill the gap — even when using them comes with higher fees. POS transactions in Nigeria jumped from just below one million in 2009 to nearly 10 billion in 2023. The largest single-year increase in POS transactions occurred in 2023, while ATM usage peaked in 2020 but has since dropped consistently. In 2021, POS transactions surpassed ATM volumes for the first time, signalling a major change in how Nigerians handle these financial services.

21% of the ₦17.67 billion lost to fraud in 2023 was recorded in October, totaling ₦3.76 billion

Fraud data submitted to the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System by financial institutions in 2023 reveals that customers lost ₦17.67 billion across 95,630 cases, with the highest loss of ₦3.76 billion occurring in October 2023

66% of fraud in 2023 was committed using social engineering

In 2023, 66% of fraud cases were committed using social engineering, the most common technique. Mobile channels accounted for 50% of fraud, followed by web channels (23%) and POS channels (18%). Technique: How the fraud is committed. Channel: Where the fraud is committed. Techniques refer to the methods fraudsters use to deceive victims, and Channels refer to the platforms through which the fraud is carried it.

GTCO shatters records with ₦1.08t earnings in first three quarters of 2024 following historic Q1 profit.

Guaranty Trust Holding Company (GTCO) sets a new milestone with ₦1.08t profit after tax in the first three quarters of 2024, following its record-breaking first quarter.

Only 12 states in Nigeria have up to 100 commercial bank branches

Ten states in Nigeria account for 67% of all commercial bank branches. Lagos has over 1,000 branches, while no other state has more than 350. Thirteen states have less than 50 branches each, and Yobe, Ebonyi, and Taraba each have less than 25.

GTCO grows profit by over 3x in H1 2024, leading Nigerian banks with a 223% surge

Data from 11 Nigerian banks in H1 2024 reveals that 10 of them experienced profit growth, showcasing resilience in the sector. Leading the way is GTCO with a remarkable ₦905.6 billion profit, representing a 223% YoY increase. Zenith Bank follows closely with ₦578 billion, reflecting 98% growth. Jaiz Bank, while having the smallest profit at ₦11.28 billion, posted a strong 199% rise. UBA saw a decline, with its profit being 16% lower than in H1 2023.

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