Trade and agriculture led Nigeria’s ₦51.20 trillion economy in Q2 2025, as oil’s share remained modest

Key Takeaways

  • Trade contributed 18.28%, making it the largest sector in Q2 2025's GDP.
  • Crop production followed with 17.8%, underscoring agriculture’s central role.
  • Oil and gas added just 4.05%, highlighting its shrinking share compared to non-oil sectors.
  • Real estate and telecoms reinforced the growing strength of services in the Nigerian economy.

Nigeria’s economy expanded to ₦51.20 trillion in Q2 2025, with trade and agriculture leading as the top contributors. Trade added ₦9.36 trillion (18.28%), while crop production contributed ₦9.11 trillion (17.8%), together accounting for over one-third of national output. Real estate (₦6.55 trillion, 12.8%) and telecommunications (₦4.71 trillion, 9.2%) showcased the rising dominance of services, driven by urban growth and digital adoption.

In sharp contrast, crude petroleum and natural gas contributed only ₦2.07 trillion (4.05%), underscoring oil’s diminishing role in GDP despite its importance for exports and revenue. Other sectors, such as livestock, construction, food processing, finance, and public administration, collectively added over ₦8 trillion, signalling a broader diversification of the economy.

Source:

National bureau of statistics

Period:

Q2 2025
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After years of volatility, Nigeria’s crude oil production has increased in four consecutive quarters, rising to 1.68 mbpd in Q2 2025
  • Production dipped sharply in 2022, with the steepest quarterly decline of –16.08% in Q3, before recovering at year-end.
  • 2023 marked a rebound year, highlighted by strong quarterly growth of 18.85% in Q3, lifting production back above 1.5 mbpd.
  • 2024 showed relative stability, with modest fluctuations; production only briefly fell below 1.5 mbpd before gradually recovering.
  • By Q2 2025, output hit 1.68 mbpd, the highest in the series, supported by consistent growth in three straight quarters.

Nigerian nationals received 880 H-1B visas in FY 2024, with the highest number of approvals recorded in December 2023
  • Nigeria received a total of 880 H-1B visas in FY 2024, averaging about 73 per month.
  • December 2023 was the peak month, with 118 issuances, while June 2024 recorded the lowest at just 46.
  • Issuances fluctuated throughout the year, reflecting no clear upward trend but significant month-to-month volatility.
  • Despite peaks and dips, overall activity remained steady, with most months ranging between 60–90 approvals.

Nigeria’s H-1B visa approvals hit a record 880 in 2024 following the decline during the COVID-19 pandemic
  • 2024 recorded the highest number of H1-B issuances to Nigerians at 880, nearly double 2022’s level.
  • Issuances dropped sharply to 231 in 2020 and 197 in 2021, marking the lowest levels in nearly two decades.
  • Between 2006 (483) and 2017 (354), there was a gradual decline in approvals before a steeper fall in 2020.
  • From 2021 to 2024, issuances surged by more than 340%, suggesting strong demand for U.S. tech and professional opportunities among Nigerians.

Manufactured goods drove imports as oil products pushed total to ₦15.29 trillion in Q2 2025
  • ₦7.88 trillion worth of manufactured goods made up 51.6% of imports, underscoring Nigeria’s dependence on foreign industrial products.
  • Other petroleum oil products accounted for ₦2.79 trillion (18.2%) of imports, showing continued reliance on external energy supplies despite Nigeria’s oil-rich status.
  • ₦1.72 trillion in raw material imports (11.3%) highlights the gap in local processing capacity.
  • Solid minerals (₦70.9 bn, 0.46%) and energy goods (₦150 mn, almost 0%) show almost no role in imports.

Nigeria’s foreign trade hit ₦38 trillion in Q2 2025, driven by strong export growth
  • Total trade in Q2 2025 was valued at ₦38.04tn.
  • Imports accounted for ₦15.29tn, led by manufactured goods and petroleum products.
  • Exports reached ₦22.75tn, boosted mainly by crude oil.
  • The trade gap favoured Nigeria with a surplus of ₦7.46tn.

Financial services dominated Nigeria’s $1.5bn digital services exports in 2024
  • Financial services dominate Nigeria’s digitally delivered exports, contributing $1.15bn (over 74%).
  • Telecommunications ($184m) and insurance & pension services ($147m) follow, though far smaller.
  • Computer, information, and IP services registered almost no exports, highlighting untapped digital potential.
  • Nigeria’s digital exports remain highly concentrated in finance, leaving other sub-sectors underdeveloped.

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