Africa's labour force and working-age population from 2010 to 2019

The African Union Report on Labour Migration Statistics in Africa (Third Edition) indicates that Africa's labour force increased from 402.8 million in 2010 to an estimated 511.5 million in 2019. Here are Africa's labour force and working-age population from 2010 to 2019.

Source:

African Union

Period:

2010 - 2019
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India and China alone represent about 40% of the world’s total labour force
  • China (773M) and India (607M) together make up for about 40% of the world’s total labour force.
  • Nigeria ranks 5th globally with 113 million workers, the largest in Africa and only African country in the top 10.
  • Asia dominates, accounting for over 47% of global workers, highlighting the region’s population and production strength.
  • The U.S.A. (174M) ranks third, representing just about 5% of global labour but producing almost a quarter of global GDP, proving productivity, not size, drives wealth.
While Sudan records the highest coup attempts in Africa (18), West African nations account for 9 of the top 15 list
  • Sudan ranks highest in Africa with 18 coup attempts, the most in the continent since 1950.
  • Burkina Faso, Burundi, and Sierra Leone follow closely with 11 attempts each.
  • Ghana and Guinea-Bissau have each experienced 10 coup attempts, ranking among the top six.
  • West Africa remains the most coup-prone subregion, accounting for 9 of the top 15 coups in the region.
  • Africa has witnessed 226 coup attempts between 1950 and 2025.
  • Most coup-prone countries share traits like weak institutions, governance failures, and economic hardship.
Nigeria's age dependency ratio for the young dominates that of the old, on average, at 14:1
  • The young-to-old dependency ratio stands at 14:1, showing that youth dependency overwhelmingly drives the total ratio.
  • The total dependency ratio declined from 88.2% in 1976 to 78.8% in 2024, showing slow but steady improvement.
  • The youth dependency ratio has dropped from 82.2% to 73.3% over the same period.
  • The old-age dependency ratio remained almost flat, averaging around 5–6% for nearly 50 years.
  • The highest total dependency ratio was 95.0% in 1988.
  • The ratio’s slight downward trend after 2012 reflects a growing working-age population entering the labour market.
Six of the ten countries with the lowest share of older populations are in Africa
  • Qatar has the lowest share of seniors, with only 1.7% of its population aged 65+.
  • The UAE follows closely at 1.8%.
  • Zambia has 2.0% of its population aged 65 and above, totalling about 438,000 people.
  • Uganda, Chad, and the Central African Republic each have a senior population of around 2.1–2.2%, with totals exceeding 1 million seniors.
  • Qatar also has the smallest absolute number of seniors on the list—just 53,000 people.
  • Nigeria has 7.3 million seniors that represent only 3.1% of its population, ranking 25th worldwide.
At 38 years, Mauritius has the oldest median age among African countries
  • Mauritius, with a median age of 38 years, has the oldest population in Africa.
  • The Central African Republic has the youngest population, with a median age of 14 years.
  • Nigeria’s median age of 18 years reflects the dominance of youth in its population.
  • Older populations tend to signal lower fertility rates.
  • Younger populations highlight higher fertility rates and greater demand for education and jobs.
Over the last 76 years, Africa's population has increased from being less than half (228M) that of Europe to doubling Europe (1.6B)
  • Africa’s population grew by 580.4%, from 228M in 1950 to 1.6B in 2025, making it the fastest-growing continent.
  • Asia remains the most populated continent, reaching 4.8B people in 2025, up from 1.4B in 1950.
  • Europe’s growth has been the slowest, at just 35.6%, rising from 549M to 744M.
  • Latin America & the Caribbean grew by 298%, from 168M to 668M.
  • North America more than doubled its population, growing by 130.7% from 168M to 388M.
  • Oceania saw a 270% increase, though it remains the least populated continent at 47M people.
  • Africa’s population is now more than double Europe’s, a major demographic shift compared to 1950.
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