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Kogi and Nasarawa post lowest domestic debt in North Central Nigeria at ₦18.8 billion and ₦23.9 billion, respectively

The six North Central states collectively hold ₦449.4 billion in domestic debt as of Q2 2025, according to DMO data.
Kogi and Nasarawa lead in fiscal control with ₦18.8 billion and ₦23.9 billion, respectively
Both states record the lowest debt profiles in the region. Niger State’s ₦141.5 billion debt makes it the region’s most indebted, accounting for nearly one-third of the total.
The debt gap between Kogi (lowest) and Niger (highest) stands at over ₦123 billion, highlighting stark differences in fiscal management and borrowing capacity across the zone.

Lagos generated ₦819.6 billion in VAT in Q1 2025, nearly triple Rivers and more than 10 times any other state

Lagos led the nation with ₦819.62B VAT, over 45% of the total generated by all 36 states combined.
Rivers followed distantly with ₦278.23B, around 34% of Lagos’s VAT haul.
Only five states (Lagos, Rivers, Oyo, Bayelsa, Kano) generated over ₦21B in Q1 2025.
22 states generated below ₦10B, with 13 of them earning less than ₦6B in VAT.
Northern states like Katsina (₦5.96B), Yobe (₦5.81B), and Kebbi (₦5.13B) trail significantly in VAT contributions.
Abia, Cross River, Imo, and Taraba sit at the bottom, each with under ₦3B in VAT returns.

The top ten states received 39% of the total National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) funds in 2024

Key takeaways:

Kano State received the highest allocation at ₦1.23 billion, accounting for 5.7% of the total NPHCDA Gateway fund.
Katsina followed closely with an allocation of nearly 4%.
Five of the top ten recipient states are from Southern Nigeria, while the other five are from the Northern part of Nigeria.
Southern states (Osun, Oyo, Anambra, Akwa Ibom, and Imo) featured prominently, together receiving approximately 19% of the total disbursement.
The top ten states collectively received ₦8.30 billion, representing 38.6% of the total fund.
In total, ₦21.51 billion was disbursed to all states under the NPHCDA Gateway in 2024.

13 northern states, including the FCT, produced a combined 56% of the nation's corn output on average in 2 years

Key Takeaways:

Kaduna led national corn production on average, contributing 8% of total output, between 450,000 and 947,000 metric tons.
Niger, Gombe, Borno, Plateau, and Taraba followed closely, each accounting for 5–6% of the total output on average.
Corn production is heavily concentrated in the North-Central and North-East regions.
Kaduna and Niger together accounted for 14% of Nigeria’s corn output on average.
The top 10 corn-producing states, all located in northern Nigeria, on average contributed 47% of the national total.
Southern states such as Osun and Ondo contributed modest but notable shares, each representing 3% of national production on average.

Approximately 60% of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF) in 2024 was allocated to the northern states

Key takeaways:

Kano State received the highest allocation, totalling ₦2.67 billion, which accounts for 5.9% of the entire fund.
Nine out of the top ten recipient states are located in Northern Nigeria.
Enugu is the sole Southern state to appear among the top ten beneficiaries.
The top ten states collectively received ₦16.94 billion, representing 37.3% of the total fund disbursed.
In total, ₦45.43 billion was disbursed to all 36 states and the FCT in 2024.

Lagos leads VAT remittance with ₦305B, over 53% of total and more than 3x Rivers'

Lagos State contributed ₦305B in VAT, making up over 53% of the national total and more than three times that of any other state.
Rivers (₦90B) and Oyo (₦27B) followed Lagos as the second and third highest contributors, highlighting a steep drop after the top state.
Only a few states, including Bayelsa, Kano, Kwara, and Edo, remitted above ₦5B, showing a highly uneven distribution of VAT contributions.
Over 8 states, such as Kebbi, Osun, Imo, and Zamfara, contributed less than ₦2B each, indicating minimal VAT activity in many parts of the country.

Lagos alone accounts for over 40% of operational free zones in Nigeria

28 total operational free zones span across 13 states plus the FCT, highlighting a broad but uneven distribution.
Lagos hosts 12 zones, over 40% of Nigeria’s total, making it the clear leader.
Ogun State ranks second with 3 zones, followed by Rivers with 2, while other states have just 1 each.
This distribution underscores a heavy clustering in the Southwest, reflecting Lagos’ dominance as a commercial hub and a drive to spread investment across various regions.

Average cost of 5kg cooking gas in Nigeria as of December 2024 – Top 20 states

Key Takeaways:

The average price for 5kg cooking gas ranges from ₦6,000 to ₦8,100.
The price difference of cooking gas between various Nigerian states is 25.09%.
Out of Nigeria's 36 states plus Abuja, fifteen have an average price for 5kg cooking gas above the national average.
Taraba State is uniquely positioned as the sole state in Nigeria with an average cooking gas price above ₦8,000.
The national average cost for 5kg cooking gas in Nigeria is ₦7,177.27.

Ebonyi & Lagos: Nigeria’s leaders in revenue growth and collection in 2023

Lagos led Nigerian states with ₦815.9 billion in Internally Generated Revenue for 2023, followed by the FCT with ₦211.1 billion. Despite only a 25% growth, Lagos’ IGR confirms its economic dominance. The FCT, meanwhile, recorded an impressive 70% increase. Ebonyi, though with lower revenue, achieved an astonishing 148% growth. Taraba generated the least revenue, increasing by 6%.

Lagos, Rivers, and the FCT collected over half of Nigeria's PAYE in 2022

In 2022, employees in Lagos, Rivers, and the FCT contributed ₦558.7 billion in PAYE tax, representing over half of the nation's total. Lagos State alone accounted for ₦360.9 billion. These figures underscore the tax contributions from Nigeria's key economic regions.

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