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The seven North-Western states collectively owed about ₦223.4 billion in domestic debt as of Q2 2025, according to DMO data.
Kano State ranked highest with ₦56.9 billion, accounting for roughly 25% of the zone’s total debt.
Jigawa remains the least indebted in the region and in the entire country, with only ₦852 million.
Moderate debt spread: While Kano, Zamfara, and Sokoto carried the largest debt loads, the remaining states maintained relatively conservative borrowing patterns.

Lagos led the nation with ₦819.62B VAT, over 45% of the total generated by all 36 states combined.
Rivers followed distantly with ₦278.23B, around 34% of Lagos’s VAT haul.
Only five states (Lagos, Rivers, Oyo, Bayelsa, Kano) generated over ₦21B in Q1 2025.
22 states generated below ₦10B, with 13 of them earning less than ₦6B in VAT.
Northern states like Katsina (₦5.96B), Yobe (₦5.81B), and Kebbi (₦5.13B) trail significantly in VAT contributions.
Abia, Cross River, Imo, and Taraba sit at the bottom, each with under ₦3B in VAT returns.

Key takeaways:

As of January to June 2025, Nigeria had nine operational refineries.
Dangote Petroleum Refinery is the largest, with a capacity of 650,000 barrels per day (bpd).
The total combined capacity of all functional refineries is almost 975,000 bpd.
Government-owned refineries, Warri, Kaduna, and Port Harcourt (old), collectively have a capacity of 295,000 bpd.
Out of 27 licensed refineries by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), only nine were operational during this period.
Other operational refineries such as Aradel, OPAC, Edo, Waltersmith, and Duport Midstream collectively have a capacity of 29,500 bpd.

Key takeaways:

Kano State received the highest allocation at ₦1.23 billion, accounting for 5.7% of the total NPHCDA Gateway fund.
Katsina followed closely with an allocation of nearly 4%.
Five of the top ten recipient states are from Southern Nigeria, while the other five are from the Northern part of Nigeria.
Southern states (Osun, Oyo, Anambra, Akwa Ibom, and Imo) featured prominently, together receiving approximately 19% of the total disbursement.
The top ten states collectively received ₦8.30 billion, representing 38.6% of the total fund.
In total, ₦21.51 billion was disbursed to all states under the NPHCDA Gateway in 2024.

Key Takeaways:

Kaduna led national corn production on average, contributing 8% of total output, between 450,000 and 947,000 metric tons.
Niger, Gombe, Borno, Plateau, and Taraba followed closely, each accounting for 5–6% of the total output on average.
Corn production is heavily concentrated in the North-Central and North-East regions.
Kaduna and Niger together accounted for 14% of Nigeria’s corn output on average.
The top 10 corn-producing states, all located in northern Nigeria, on average contributed 47% of the national total.
Southern states such as Osun and Ondo contributed modest but notable shares, each representing 3% of national production on average.

Key takeaways:

Kano State received the highest allocation, totalling ₦2.67 billion, which accounts for 5.9% of the entire fund.
Nine out of the top ten recipient states are located in Northern Nigeria.
Enugu is the sole Southern state to appear among the top ten beneficiaries.
The top ten states collectively received ₦16.94 billion, representing 37.3% of the total fund disbursed.
In total, ₦45.43 billion was disbursed to all 36 states and the FCT in 2024.

Lagos State contributed ₦305B in VAT, making up over 53% of the national total and more than three times that of any other state.
Rivers (₦90B) and Oyo (₦27B) followed Lagos as the second and third highest contributors, highlighting a steep drop after the top state.
Only a few states, including Bayelsa, Kano, Kwara, and Edo, remitted above ₦5B, showing a highly uneven distribution of VAT contributions.
Over 8 states, such as Kebbi, Osun, Imo, and Zamfara, contributed less than ₦2B each, indicating minimal VAT activity in many parts of the country.

28 total operational free zones span across 13 states plus the FCT, highlighting a broad but uneven distribution.
Lagos hosts 12 zones, over 40% of Nigeria’s total, making it the clear leader.
Ogun State ranks second with 3 zones, followed by Rivers with 2, while other states have just 1 each.
This distribution underscores a heavy clustering in the Southwest, reflecting Lagos’ dominance as a commercial hub and a drive to spread investment across various regions.

The North-West region received ₦66.55 billion, more than double its remittance (₦28.31B), showing a heavy reliance on federal VAT sharing.
Zamfara, the lowest contributor (₦1.45B), received the highest percentage gain (+433%), getting ₦7.72B, while Kano, the highest contributor (₦9.59B), had the smallest relative gain (+41.5%).
Kaduna and Katsina, despite remitting ₦3.50B and ₦3.86B, received ₦10.18B and ₦10.01B, respectively, nearly tripling their remittance.
Kano remitted 34% of the zone’s VAT but received only 20.4% of the total allocation, reinforcing that VAT is distributed based on equality and not economic strength.

Key takeaways:

In December 2024, the top five states with the highest average kerosene prices were: Abuja (₦2,950.0), Akwa Ibom (₦2,538.3), Kaduna (₦2,510.6), Cross River (₦2,430.7), and Sokoto (₦2,400.1).
Abuja recorded the highest average price of kerosene in December 2024, while Borno state recorded the lowest price.
The price of kerosene per litre ranged from ₦1,520.4 to ₦2,950 across Nigerian states in December 2024.
The percentage difference in the price of kerosene across Nigeria states in December 2024 is approximately 63.9%.

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