Burundi and Mozambique consistently rank lowest in African worker productivity since 1991

  • The same countries—Burundi, Malawi, DR Congo, Mozambique, Niger, Liberia, Madagascar, Central African Republic, Chad, and Ethiopia—consistently occupy the bottom ranks over the years.
  • These countries remain far below the continent's average, often with GDP per person employed under $5,000 even in recent years.
  • Progress is marginal: while some, like Ethiopia and Mozambique, show slow growth, many fluctuate or even regress across periods.
  • Structural economic weaknesses, conflict, and low industrialisation seem to persist across the bottom group.

The bottom 10 African countries by GDP per person employed have demonstrated a persistent pattern of economic underperformance in 33 years since 1991.

Countries like Burundi, Malawi, and DR Congo have remained at the lowest end of the scale for over three decades, rarely crossing the $3,000 mark in GDP per person employed. While nations such as Ethiopia and Mozambique show incremental improvement—climbing from near or below $2,000 in the 1990s to the $4,000–$6,000 range recently—the overall trajectory across this group reflects chronic economic stagnation.

Source:

World Bank - World Development Indicators

Period:

1991-2023
HTML code to embed chart
Want a bespoke report?
Reach out
Click to copy HTML embed code
Tags
Related Insights
South Africa’s share of Africa’s GDP has averaged 20% since 1960, peaking in early 1990s
  • South Africa’s share of Africa’s GDP has averaged around 20% since 1960.
  • The country’s relative dominance peaked in the early 1990s at nearly 28% of continental GDP.
  • Nominal GDP grew steadily from $8.7 billion in 1960 to over $400 billion in 2024.
  • South Africa’s share of Africa’s GDP has generally declined in recent decades as other African economies expanded faster.
  • Despite the relative decline, South Africa remains one of Africa’s largest and most influential economies.
Nigeria’s slice of Africa’s economy since independence: From a peak of 31% to 7% in 2024
  • At independence in 1960, Nigeria contributed about 10% of Africa’s GDP, establishing itself early as one of the continent’s largest economies.
  • Nigeria’s share peaked at 31% in 1981 during the oil boom, highlighting the dramatic impact of natural resources on the economy.
  • Between the mid-1980s and 2000s, Nigeria’s share fluctuated significantly, dropping to 9.2% in 1999 due to political instability, economic mismanagement, and external shocks.
  • By 2024, Nigeria’s share fell to 7.1%, despite a GDP of $187.8 billion, showing slower relative growth compared to other African economies and the ongoing need for economic diversification.
  • This share reflects Nigeria’s relative position in Africa’s economy over time, showing how it moved in relation to the growth of the rest of the continent.
From 2013 to 2024, the Services sector has consistently dominated Ghana’s GDP, while Agriculture has remained the smallest sector
  • From 2013 to 2024, the services sector has consistently dominated Ghana’s GDP, while agriculture has remained the smallest sector.
  • A weak agriculture sector can make Ghana more dependent on food imports.
  • Agriculture’s stagnation reduces its role as a labour buffer.
Nigeria’s slice of Africa’s economy since independence: From a peak of 31% to 7% in 2024
  • At independence in 1960, Nigeria contributed about 10% of Africa’s GDP, establishing itself early as one of the continent’s largest economies.
  • Nigeria’s share peaked at 31% in 1981 during the oil boom, highlighting the dramatic impact of natural resources on the economy.
  • Between the mid-1980s and 2000s, Nigeria’s share fluctuated significantly, dropping to 9.2% in 1999 due to political instability, economic mismanagement, and external shocks.
  • By 2024, Nigeria’s share fell to 7.1%, despite a GDP of $187.8 billion, showing slower relative growth compared to other African economies and the ongoing need for economic diversification.
  • This share reflects Nigeria’s relative position in Africa’s economy over time, showing how it moved in relation to the growth of the rest of the continent.
Trade and agriculture led Nigeria’s ₦51.20 trillion economy in Q2 2025, as oil’s share remained modest
  • Trade contributed 18.28%, making it the largest sector in Q2 2025's GDP.
  • Crop production followed with 17.8%, underscoring agriculture’s central role.
  • Oil and gas added just 4.05%, highlighting its shrinking share compared to non-oil sectors.
  • Real estate and telecoms reinforced the growing strength of services in the Nigerian economy.
Morocco’s GDP per capita has more than doubled since 2000, reaching a new high ($3,993) in 2024
  • Morocco’s GDP per capita has shown a fluctuating pattern in the last 25 years, with periods of steady growth and also fall.
  • The years 2003–2008 stand out as a high-growth phase, with GDP per capita rising rapidly from $1,941.9 to $3,183.2.
  • In 2021, a dramatic 15.9% rebound took GDP per capita up to $3,785.9.
  • In 2024, nominal GDP per capita stood at $3,993.4.
  • The last 25 years depict a more than twofold increase in Morocco’s GDP per capita, moving from $1,499.1 to $3,993.4.
POPULAR TOPICS
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Get periodic updates about the African startup space, access to our reports, among others.
Subscribe Here
Subscription Form
A product of Techpoint Africa. All rights reserved