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By 2054, India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country, growing by 17.1% from 2024 to reach 1.69 billion people

Key Takeaways:

India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2054, reaching 1.69 billion, an increase of 246 million from 2024.
China’s population is expected to decline to 1.22 billion by 2054, marking a 14.1% decrease.
Nigeria is projected to rise to 5th place globally, with a population of 374 million, a 62% increase from 2024.
The United States remains the only high-income country in the top five, with a projected population of 384 million.
Pakistan is expected to climb from 5th to 3rd place, adding 138 million people by 2054.
Three African countries (Nigeria, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) are expected to rank among the top 10 most populous nations.
Russia is projected to see a population decline of 6.9%.

By 2100, seven African nations are expected to rank among the world’s 15 most populous countries, with Nigeria’s population projected to more than double

Key Takeaways:

India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2100, with 1.5 billion people, a 4.5% increase from 2024.
China’s population is expected to fall sharply by 55.1% to 638.7 million, less than half of its 2024 population.
Pakistan's population is expected to nearly double by 2100.
Nigeria is projected to become the world’s fourth most populous country by 2100, with a population of more than 470 million.
Seven of the 15 most populous countries in 2100 are expected to be in Africa.
The United States is projected to rank sixth globally by 2100 from its current third position, despite a 22.2% expected population increase from 2024.
Together, the top 15 countries are expected to account for 57.9% of the global population by 2100.
The total world population is projected to reach 10.19 billion by the end of the century.

The U.S. holds the largest IMF quota at 82.99 billion SDRs, exceeding the combined shares of Japan and China

The United States holds the largest IMF quota by far, with 82,994.2 billion SDRs, accounting for 17.42%, more than double the quota of any other country.
Japan, China, and Germany follow as the next largest contributors, each holding between 5.5% and 6.5% of total quota shares.
European countries (Germany, France, the U.K., Italy) collectively maintain a strong presence, together accounting for nearly 17.21%, almost equal to the U.S. alone.
Emerging economies like India and Russia have relatively modest shares (2.75% and 2.71%, respectively) despite their growing roles in global economic affairs, indicating an imbalance between global influence and IMF voting power.

Nigeria ranks 7th among Europe’s crude oil suppliers, peaking at 0.54 million barrels per day

The USA leads the suppliers with 1.40 million barrels/day, making it the largest single contributor to the EU’s crude oil imports in 2024.
Norway and Kazakhstan follow closely, delivering 1.10M and 1.05M b/d respectively, together accounting for over 24% of the EU’s total imports.
Nigeria ranks 7th, contributing 0.54M b/d, which is 5.9% of total EU crude oil imports, ahead of Brazil and the UK.
The top 6 suppliers (USA to Iraq) delivered 5.45 million b/d in total, representing nearly 60% of the EU’s crude oil demand.
The rest of the world, not listed among the top 10, contributed 2.24M b/d, underscoring the EU’s diversified sourcing strategy.

The top 15 countries accounted for 68.8% of global gold production in 2023, with four African nations among the leaders

Key takeaways:

China led global gold production with 378.16 tonnes, representing approximately 10.4% of global output.
The top five producers (China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States) collectively produced 37% of the world’s gold.
African nations showed remarkable strength, with four countries in the top 15 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, and Burkina Faso).
Ghana led Africa in gold production and ranked 6th globally, producing 135.11 tonnes in 2023.
China, Australia, and Russia together produced nearly 1,000 tonnes of gold, accounting for 27.3% of total world production.

China tops the global reserves chart in 2024, holding nearly three times Japan’s reserves and having 5.53% of its total reserves as gold reserves

Key takeaways:

China leads all nations with total reserves of $3.46 trillion while holding 5.53% of its share in gold reserves.
The top 15 countries collectively hold a total reserve of $10.78 trillion.
Despite being the global leader in gold reserves, the United States ranks third in total reserves.
The largest share of the United States' total reserves is from its gold reserve holdings of 74.97%.
Countries in the top fifteen list hold at least $236.9 billion each in total reserves.
The United States, France, and Italy have more than 70% of their total reserve holdings in gold.

Canada’s study permit approvals dropped by 31% in 2024, with Nigeria, India, and the Philippines experiencing significant reductions

Canada announced a reduction in international student approvals in 2024, citing housing and resource pressures.
Global approvals dropped nearly 31% from 681.5k in 2023.
Nigerian approvals dropped 36%, ranking among the highest declines. India (-39.7%) and Nepal (-48.8%) were also major declines.
Canada plans to issue 437,000 study permits in 2025, 10% lower than 2024’s cap.
The UK, US, and local universities may see more Nigerian applicants.

India has led global cashew production for 35 of the past 62 years

Nigeria held the top spot in global cashew production from 2001 to 2010. This highlights a period of strong agricultural output, though the country has since been overtaken by India and Côte d'Ivoire. In recent years, Côte d'Ivoire has emerged as the world’s leading cashew producer, holding the top spot for three consecutive years as of 2022. This shift highlights the country's growing role in global cashew production. India and Mozambique once dominated global production, with India leading for 35 of the past 62 years.

China and India have been the top sources of international students in the US since 2001, now making up a combined 54%

Since the 1950s, the top sources of international students in the US have changed, with Canada initially leading, followed by Iran in the 1970s, Taiwan and Japan in the 1980s and 90s, and China and India taking the lead from the 2000s onward. China and India account for a combined 54% of the total international students in the US as of the 2023/2024 academic year. By 2021, Nigeria entered the top ten, reaching 7th place by 2024.

Côte d'Ivoire has dominated the world’s cocoa production since 1977, displacing Ghana

Until 1976, Ghana was the world’s largest cocoa producer, with an average annual output of 410,000 tonnes. However, Ghana lost this lead when production fell to 277,000 tonnes in 1997, allowing Côte d'Ivoire and Brazil to overtake. Since 1977, Côte d'Ivoire has led global cocoa production, increasing its output by 634%. Nigeria’s cocoa production peaked at 485,000 tonnes in 2006, consistently ranking among the top ten producers.

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