Equity accounts for 98% of Nigeria’s $126M FDI inflow in Q1 2025

Key Takeaways

  • Nigeria recorded $126.3 million in foreign direct investment during Q1 2025, comprising 2.2% of the country's total capital importation.
  • Equity investment was the primary FDI channel, accounting for $124.31 million or 98.4% of the total FDI.
  • "Other Capital" (possibly intra-company loans or reinvested earnings) contributed just $1.98 million, a marginal 1.6% share.
  • The dominance of equity suggests that foreign investors are committing more to long-term ownership and participation in Nigerian businesses rather than short-term financing

In the first quarter of 2025, Nigeria’s foreign direct investment remained relatively low in volume, just $126.3 million, but its structure revealed a strong tilt toward equity-based participation. Equity accounted for 98.4% of the inflows, while other forms of capital played an almost negligible role.

This implies that despite the modest headline figure, foreign investors are placing their bets on ownership stakes and direct business involvement rather than temporary or debt-driven investment. While the total FDI may not match the scale of portfolio inflows, its quality suggests more stable and long-term commitment to the Nigerian economy.

Source:

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)

Period:

Q1 2025
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85 cents of every dollar in capital imported into Nigeria in 2025 went to portfolio investments
  • Nigeria's total capital imports surged to $23.2bn in 2025, the highest level recorded in the entire 2014 to 2025 period.
  • Foreign Portfolio Investment dominated in 2025, claiming 85 cents of every dollar imported, up sharply from 68% in 2024.
  • Foreign Direct Investment has remained consistently weak, never exceeding 20% across all eleven years, and falling to just 4% in 2025.
  • The "Others" category, which peaked at 61% in 2023, has collapsed to just 11% in 2025, reflecting a dramatic shift toward portfolio-driven capital flows

Nigeria's foreign capital inflows nearly reached the 2019 record, but 87% went to banks and financiers
  • Inflows surged from $3.9B in 2023 to $23.2B in 2025, near the all-time record.
  • Banking and financing captured 87% of all inflows.
  • Agriculture got $167M, oil and gas $18M, and construction $6M, .
  • The recovery is real, but it is not yet reaching ordinary Nigerians.

The UK accounted for 62% of Nigeria’s capital imports in Q1 2025; South Africa and Mauritius led African sources
  • The United Kingdom accounted for over 62% of total capital imports into Nigeria in Q1 2025.
  • South Africa and Mauritius are the only African countries in the top 10, ranking 2nd and 3rd respectively.
  • Traditional powerhouses like the US and UAE contributed significantly less than the UK.
  • Emerging markets like the Cayman Islands and Singapore also made the list, reflecting Nigeria’s diverse capital origin base.

After a four-year slump, Nigeria's capital imports rebounded with a massive 215% surge in 2024
  • Nigeria’s capital importation fell from $21.3 billion in 2013 to $12.3 billion in 2024, marking a 42% decline over the 12-year period.
  • After four years of consistent decline, capital inflows surged by 215% in 2024, rising from $3.9 billion in 2023 to $12.3 billion.
  • The data reflects sharp swings, with 2019 peaking at $24 billion, followed by a 60% plunge in 2020 due to global and domestic disruptions.
  • In 2023, capital imports plummeted to their lowest point of the 12-year period, reaching just $3.9 billion.

Portfolio Investment dominated Nigeria’s Q1 2025 capital imports, accounting for over 92% of the total
  • Nigeria recorded $5.64 billion in total capital importation in Q1 2025.
  • Portfolio investment alone contributed a massive $5.2 billion, 92.3% of total inflows.
  • FDI contributed just $126.29 million, making up only 2.2% of total capital importation.
  • Loans totalled $311.17 million, accounting for 5.5% of the total inflow.

Money market instruments dominate over 80% of Nigeria’s $5.2B portfolio investment in Q1 2025
  • Nigeria attracted $5.2 billion in portfolio inflows in Q1 2025, making up 92.3% of all capital importation.
  • With $4.2 billion, money market instruments accounted for a dominant 80.9% of portfolio investments.
  • Bonds contributed $877.4 million, roughly 16.8% of portfolio inflows.
  • Equities saw the smallest share, at $117.3 million or just 2.3% of portfolio capital inflows.

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