The importation of goods made up over 60% of Kenya's bank credit facilities in the first half of 2024

Key takeaways:

  • Over 60% of Kenya’s bank loans for foreign trade were used to fund imports, limiting resources for exports.
  • In all six months, exports received less than 40% of the credit allocation, highlighting a significant gap.
  • Import credit peaked at 66.23% in June
  • The import-export credit ratio remained relatively stable, suggesting an ongoing structural trend in trade financing.
  • To balance trade, policies could focus on enhancing export production, incentives for exporters, and easing export credit access.

Kenya’s banking sector remains a crucial player in financing international trade, but the balance is heavily tilted towards imports. In the first half of 2024, over 60% of total bank credit allocated to foreign trade went to importing goods, leaving less than 40% for exports. This trend signals a deep reliance on foreign products, raising questions about trade imbalances and the need for export growth.

This pattern is consistent month after month, with March, May, and June peaking above 66% in import financing. Kenyan businesses benefit from import credit, but to ensure long-term economic stability, banks and policymakers might need to explore strategies that promote export financing. A shift towards a more balanced trade credit distribution could strengthen local industries, create jobs, and improve economic resilience.

Source:

Central Bank of Kenya

Period:

2024
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Nigeria's non-oil exports grew faster than oil exports in 2024 and 2025, though oil remained dominant
  • In 2025, non-oil export growth (36%) was 6x higher than oil (6%).
  • In 2024, non-oil exports grew by 189% vs oil’s 108%.
  • Total exports still heavily depend on oil.
  • Export value rose from ₦36 trillion in 2023 to ₦85.1 trillion in 2025.

Nigeria imported 10x more from Asia than from Africa in 2025
  • Asia is Nigeria’s top import source in 2025.
  • The highest import value from Asia was recorded in Q1 at ₦8.7 trillion.
  • Imports from Europe surged to ₦8.6 trillion in Q2 but declined to ₦6.6 trillion by Q4.
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China’s exports to Nigeria increased by 40% in 2025
  • China’s exports to Nigeria increased by 40.4%,
  • China's exports moved from ₦ 14.1 trillion in 2024 to ₦ 19.8 trillion in 2025.
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  • Quarter 2 saw the highest growth at 80%, jumping from ₦3.0tn to ₦5.4tn.
  • Quarter 4 recorded a modest 4.3% rise.

Nigeria’s export mix stayed oil-heavy in 2025, with crude oil above 75% in all quarters
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  • Q1 recorded the highest oil dependency at 81.5%.
  • Non-oil exports peaked in Q2 at 24.2%, representing the strongest diversification point in 2025.
  • The oil share dropped to its lowest in Q2 (75.8%), but still remained dominant.

In 2025, Nigeria imported crude oil for the first time in the past decade, accounting for 11% of its total crude oil trade
Key takeaways:
  • Nigeria recorded its first crude oil imports in a decade in 2025, marking a structural shift in trade dynamics.
  • Imports accounted for 11% of total crude oil trade in 2025.
  • Total crude oil trade grew sharply from ₦7 trillion in 2016 to ₦53.2 trillion in 2025, indicating long-term expansion.
  • Exports remain dominant, contributing ₦47.4 trillion in 2025 despite the emergence of imports.
  • 2024 was the peak year for crude oil trade at ₦55.3 trillion, followed by a slight decline in 2025.
  • The 2020 dip of ₦9.4 trillion highlights vulnerability to global shocks, likely tied to oil price and demand disruptions.

Nigeria exported ₦47tn in crude, yet spent ₦45tn importing finished goods and refined petroleum
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  • Nigeria imports ₦31.97tn in manufactured goods but exports only ₦2.50tn, a 12-to-1 ratio that reflects near-total dependence on foreign industrial output.
  • Nigeria exports ₦25.3tn in petroleum products yet imports ₦13.3tn of refined petroleum. Africa's top oil producer still can't fully process its own crude.
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