Nigeria's population soars, but GDP has faced significant fluctuations from 1960 to 2023

Nigeria’s population growth has outpaced its economic performance. From 1960 to 2023, the population increased from 44.9 million to an estimated 223.8 million, putting immense pressure on resources.

The country's GDP peaked at $574.2 billion in 2014 but dropped to $362.8 billion in 2023.

Source:

World Bank

Period:

1960 - 2023
HTML code to embed chart
Want a bespoke report?
Reach out
Tags
Related Insights

Lagos, Kano, Abuja, and Ibadan are among Africa’s most populous cities with a combined population of 31.3 mn
  • Lagos is Africa’s third-largest city and ranks 14th globally.
  • Cairo remains Africa’s largest city, with over 23 million people, keeping Egypt at the centre of the continent’s urban network.
  • Kinshasa’s position shows Central Africa’s rising urban influence.
  • There is a steep population gap after the top three cities.

3 African cities feature in the 20 most populous cities globally, with a total population of 59.9 million
  • Together, the top three cities — Tokyo, Delhi, and Shanghai — have more than 100 million residents.
  • Asia dominates the ranking, with most of the top ten cities located on the continent.
  • Only three African cities — Cairo, Kinshasa, and Lagos — appear in the top 20.
  • Africa’s three mega-cities together account for nearly 60 million people, showing concentrated urban growth.
  • Urban population growth is driven by migration toward economic and commercial hubs.

Egypt and Nigeria led Africa’s industrial output in 2024, with $145.5bn and $89bn, respectively
  • Egypt led with an estimated $145.5 billion, accounting for about 25% of Africa's total industrial output among its top 15 economies.
  • Nigeria followed with $89 billion, while South Africa, Algeria, and Morocco made up the rest of the top five.
  • The top five economies accounted for more than 70% of Africa’s total industrial value added.
  • Notable mid-tier performers, Ethiopia and DR Congo, reflected rapid industrial investment.
  • Using constant 2015 USD reveals real production strength, not nominal currency shifts.

West Africa has the highest concentration of remittance-dependent nations, with 10 countries in the top 20, led by The Gambia (21.1%)
  • The Gambia leads Africa in remittance-GDP ratio, with remittance accounting for 21.1% of its GDP in 2024.
  • Lesotho (20.9%) and Comoros (18.3%) closely follow as highly remittance-dependent economies.
  • Somalia (17.5%) and Liberia (14.3%) also rely heavily on diaspora inflows to support their economies.
  • Nigeria (11.3%) remains a major player, highlighting its strong global diaspora network.
  • Cabo Verde (12.1%) and Senegal (11.6%) demonstrate that remittances are key drivers of income in smaller economies.
  • In larger economies like Egypt (7.6%) and Morocco (8.1%), remittances also make up a significant share of GDP.

Nigeria’s 2024 GDP just got a $65 billion boost after the 2025 rebasing
  • The IMF’s new 2019 GDP base year added between $20 billion and $235 billion annually to Nigeria’s GDP from 1990–2025.
  • 2014 saw the biggest jump — an upward revision of $235.1 billion, raising GDP to $811.1 billion from $576.0 billion under the old base.
  • The rebased data consistently show 40–45% higher GDP values through the 2000s and 2010s, revealing a larger economy than earlier estimates.
  • The impact was strongest during Nigeria’s oil boom years (2007–2014), when rebasing captured fast-growing sectors like digital services, informal trade, and modular refining.

With new 2019 base year, Nigeria ranked among the world’s 20 largest economies in 1998, 2013, 2014, and 2015 — peaking at $811 billion
  • Nigeria’s GDP has been rebased to a 2019 base year, raising its nominal value by about 40.8%, according to the IMF’s October 2025 update.
  • The revision includes new data on digital, informal, and service sectors, giving a fuller picture of the economy.
  • Nigeria ranked among the world’s top 20 economies in 1998, 2013, 2014, and 2015, peaking in 2014 at $811 billion.
  • Despite later declines from currency depreciation and slower growth, the revision reaffirms Nigeria’s position as Africa’s largest economy.

POPULAR TOPICS
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Get periodic updates about the African startup space, access to our reports, among others.
Subscribe Here
Subscription Form

A product of Techpoint Africa. All rights reserved